新概念英语第四册第44课-Patterns of culture.pdf

新概念英语第四册第44课:Patternsof

culture

Lesson44Patternsofculture文化的模式Firstlisten

andthenanswerthefollowingquestion.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Whatinfluencesusfromthemomentofbirth?

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasa

subjectofgreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofour

wonbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyof

investigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,is

behaviouratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatterof

fact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,

takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviour

moreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncanever

evolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.

Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefact

offirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethat

customplaysinexperienceandinbelief,andthevery

greatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。我们觉得，只有

我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究，至于风俗呢，只是些

司空见惯的行为而已。事实小，情况正好相反。从世界范

-1-

围来看，传统风俗是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任

何一个养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异

常。这只是问题的一个次要的侧面。最重要的是，风俗在

实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来

的极其丰富多采的形式。

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.

Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsand

institutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhis

philosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthese

stereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalse

willstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditional

customs.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthat

thepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehaviourof

theindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecan

affecttraditionalcus