对学校水痘疫情爆发的应急处置分析.docx

对学校水痘疫情爆发的应急处置分析

【摘要】目的对浏阳市市高田小学、田坪小学、实验学校三所学校三起水痘暴发疫情进行调查，分析学校水痘疫情暴发的流行病学特征，探讨预防及应急处置措施，以为今后疫情防控提供参考。方法以浏阳市市高田小学、田坪小学、实验学校三所学校在校生及水痘病例作为调查对象，采用描述流行病学法对所有水痘病例进行个案分析。结果此次调查的三所学校的3起水痘疫情共涉及儿童3510人，发病儿童236人，发病率6.72%。三所学校307例水痘病例临床特征以发热及皮肤和黏膜成批出现周身性红色斑丘疹、疱疹、痂疹为特征，皮疹呈向心性分布，主要发生在胸、腹、背部，多在发病2~3周后痊愈，愈合均未见瘢痕，未见死亡及重症病例。本次调查研究结果显示水痘好发在4、5、6月份，相对于全年其他时间段，上述3个月份的水痘发生率具有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论对学校水痘疫情爆发的应急处置应当果断明确，通过采取针对性的处理措施并不断完善水痘疫情的监测，从而确保学校水痘疫情的有效预防和控制。

【关键词】水痘；学校；暴发疫情；应急处置

[Abstract]objectivetoinvestigatethreeoutbreaksofvaricellainthreeschoolsofgaotianprimaryschool，tianpingprimaryschoolandexperimentalschoolinliuyangcity，analyzetheepidemiologicalcharacteristicsofvaricellaoutbreaksinschools，andexplorepreventiveandemergencymeasures，soastoprovidereferenceforthepreventionandcontroloffutureoutbreaks.Methodsthreeschoolsincludinggaotianprimaryschool，tianpingprimaryschoolandexperimentalschoolinliuyangcitywereselectedastheobjectsofinvestigation.Resultsthreecasesofvaricellaoutbreakinthreeschoolsinvolvedatotalof3510children，236childrenwiththeincidenceof6.72%.Theclinicalfeaturesofthe307casesofvaricellainthethreeschoolswerecharacterizedbyfever，skinandmucousmembraneinbatcheswithredspots，papules，herpes，andscabsalloverthebody.Therashpresentedacentripetaldistribution，mainlyoccurredinthechest，abdomen，andback，andmostlyrecoveredafter2-3weeksofonset.Noscarwasobservedinthehealingprocess，andnodeathorseverecaseswereobserved.TheresultsofthissurveyshowedthatchickenpoxoccurredfrequentlyinApril，mayandJune.Comparedwithothertimeperiodsoftheyear，thechickenpoxincidenceintheabovethreemonthswasstatisticallysignificant（P0.05）.Conclusiontheemergencytreatmentofvaricellaoutbreakinschoolsshouldbedecisiveandclear.Bytakingtargetedtreatmentmeasuresandconstantlyimprovingthemonitoringofvaricellaoutbreak，theeffectiv