项目管理合同法.ppt

普通法衡平法基于先例的理论合同纠纷法律规则先例先例-一种建立在前一个类似案例的法庭宣判结果的法律原理。PrecedentExample-FundamentalBreachMaybeappliedtorenderexemptionclausesincontractsineffective.CaseHistoryHarbuttPlaasticinev.WayneTankPump(1970).Factoryburneddownduetofaultymaterial.$2,300limitiedliabilityincontractwaswaivedand$170,000paid.Precedent-intheeventoffundamentalbreach(abreachofsuchnatureastogototheveryrootofthecontract)anexmptionclauseinacontractwouldnotaffordprotectiontothepartythatcommittedthebreach先例案例-根本性的违约可能应用于解释无效合同中的免除条款.案例历史HarbuttPlaasticinev.WayneTankPump(1970).由于不合格材料导致工厂被烧毁。合同中$2,300的有限责任被放弃，赔偿了$170,000。先例－-根本上违反合同中的免除条款（该违反涉及到合同中的根本性问题）不能对违反条款方提供保护。TheTheoryofDeepPocketsThepurposeofContractLawistocompensatewrongedpartiesfortheirdamages(notforpunishment)Therefore,legalactionwilltendtobemadeagainstthosewiththegreatestcapacitytopay.深口袋理论合同法的目的在于为受害方的损失提供赔偿（不是为了惩罚）因此，法律行为通常针对最有支付能力的一方。ContractLawDefinitionrelationshipbetween2ormorepeopledefiningrightsandobligations5EssentialElementsofEnforceabilityOfferandAcceptanceMutualIntentAconsiderationwaspaid(Ifnot,thenthecontractisan“agreement”.Capacity(18yrsofage,soundmind,capable)LawfulPurpose合同法在两方或多方之间定义权利和义务的一种关系定义提供和接受双方自愿已支付报酬(如果没有支付，该合同仅仅是一个协议）。法律承担能力(18岁以上，精神正常，有能力)合法的目的具备法律效力的五个关键因素Bilateralvs.UnilateralContractsEverycontractinvolvesatleasttwoparties:anofferorandanofferee.Theofferorpromisestodoornottodosomething.Whetheracontractisunilateralorbilateraldependsonwhattheoffereemustdotoaccept.Abilateralcontractisapromiseforapromise;iftheoffereeneedonlypromisetoperform,thecontractisbilateral.Aunilateralcontractisapromiseforanact;iftheoffereecanacceptonlybycompleteperformance,thecontractisunilateral.Aunilateralcontractsofferbecomesirrevocableoncesubstantial