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Chapter2:
IntroductiontoAnalogTelephony2-1Copyright?1998,CiscoSystems,Inc.
ObjectivesUponcompletionofthischapter,youwillbeabletoperformthefollowingtasks:Givenananalogtelephonynetwork,identifytheroleofeachcomponentwithinthenetwork.Thecomponentsaretelephones,lines,loops,switches,andtrunks.Givenananalogtelephonynetwork,describethetelephonysignalingonlinesandtrunksGivenatelephonynetwork,tracethepathofatelephonecall
TelephoneCallComponents2-3Copyright?1998,CiscoSystems,Inc.
TelephoneCallComponentsTelephoneLocalloopVoiceswitchCO(centraloffice)PBX(privatebranchexchange)Trunks
TelephoneComponents2-5Copyright?1998,CiscoSystems,Inc.
Handset(receiverandtransmitter)SwitchhookHybrid(2-to-4wireconverter)SidetoneDialerRingerTelephoneComponentsTelephone
CompanySwitchTelephone2-WireLocalLoopRingerSwitchHookLoopLengthComp.Dialing(PulseorTone)BalanceNetwork2-Wire4-WireHybridReceiverTransmitter
TelephoneSignaling2-7Copyright?1998,CiscoSystems,Inc.
TelephoneSignalingSupervisorysignalingReleaseconnection(on-hook)Requestforservice(off-hook)RingingAddressing(dialeddigits)PulseDTMF
On-HookTelephoneSwitchLocalLoopLocalLoop-48DCVoltage(Battery)DCOpenCircuitNoCurrentFlowHandsetoncradle
andswitchhookisopen
LocalLoopLocalLoopOff-HookClosedCircuitDCCurrentDialToneTelephoneSwitchOff-Hook
RingingLocalLoopLocalLoopOff-HookClosedCircuitRing-BackToneDCCurrentRingingVoltageTelephoneSwitch
Ringing(cont.)UnitedStates
Cadence
Europe
Cadence
0.40.40.22Sec2Sec4Sec
PulseMake(CircuitClosed)Break(CircuitOpen)Off-HookDialingInterdigitNextDigitPulsePeriod50ms—20pulsespersecond
100ms—10pulsespersecondUS:60/40Break/Make700ms
DualToneMultifrequencyDTMF123456789*0#120913361477697770852941Timing:60msBreak40msMake
InformationalSignaling—CallProgressIndicators(UnitedStates)ToneFrequency(Hz)OnTime(sec)OffTime(sec)DialBusyRing-back,lineRi
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