高考数学二轮总复习专题突破练12求数列的通项及前n项和.doc

专题突破练12求数列的通项及前n项和

1.已知等比数列{an}的各项均为正数,且2a1+3a2=1,a32=9a2a

(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;

(2)设bn=log3a1+log3a2+…+log3an,求数列1bn的前n项和T

2.已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a3=8,S5=2a7.

(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;

(2)若数列{bn}满足bn=ancosnπ+2n+1,求数列{bn}的前2n项和T2n.

3.(2023·江苏南京师大附中校考)设Sn为数列{an}的前n项和,已知an0,且an,Sn,an2

(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;

(2)设bn=an,n为奇数,1an

4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ,18)已知{an}为等差数列,bn=an-6,n为奇数,2an,n为偶数.记Sn,Tn分别为数列{an},{b

(1)求{an}的通项公式;

(2)证明:当n5时,TnSn.

5.已知等差数列{an}与正项等比数列{bn}满足a1=b1=3,且b3a3,20,a5+b2既是等差数列,又是等比数列.

(1)求数列{an}和{bn}的通项公式;

(2)在以下三个条件中任选一个,补充在下面问题中,并完成求解.

①cn=1an·an+1+(1)nbn,②cn=an·bn,

若,求数列{cn}的前n项和Sn.?

6.已知等比数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且an+1=2Sn+2,数列{bn}满足b1=2,(n+2)bn=nbn+1.

(1)求数列{an}和{bn}的通项公式;

(2)在an与an+1之间插入n个数,使这n+2个数组成一个公差为cn的等差数列,求数列{bncn}的前n项和Tn.

7.已知数列{an}满足a1=1,an+1=3an+3n+1.

(1)求证:数列an

(2)求数列{an}的通项公式;

(3)设数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,求证:Sn

8.(2023·新高考Ⅰ,20)设等差数列{an}的公差为d,且d1.令bn=n2+nan,记Sn,Tn分别为数列{an},{b

(1)若3a2=3a1+a3,S3+T3=21,求数列{an}的通项公式;

(2)若{bn}为等差数列,且S99T99=99,求d.

专题突破练12求数列的通项及前n项和

1.解(1)设等比数列{an}的公比为q(q0),由a32=9a2a6,得a32=9a42,所以q

由2a1+3a2=1,得2a1+3a1·13

所以a1=1

故数列{an}的通项公式为an=1

(2)因为bn=log3a1+log3a2+…+log3an=(1+2+…+n)=n(

所以1bn=2n

所以Tn=1b1+1b2+…+1bn=2[

所以数列1bn的前n项和Tn

2.解(1)设{an}的公差为d,依题意,a

解得a1=2,d=3.所以an=2+3(n

(2)因为bn=ancosnπ+2n+1=(1)nan+2n+1=(1)n·(3n1)+2n+1,

所以T2n=(a2a1)+(a4a3)+…+(a2na2n1)+(22+23+…+22n+1)=3n+22(1-22n)1

3.解(1)由题意得2Sn=an2+a

当n=1时,2a1=2S1=a12+a

又an0,∴a1=1;

当n≥2,且n∈N*时,2an=2Sn2Sn1=an2+anan-

整理可得an2-an-12=(an+an1)(anan

又an+an10,∴anan1=1(n≥2).

∴数列{an}是以1为首项,1为公差的等差数列,∴an=n.

(2)由(1)得1a

∴T20=(b1+b3+b5+…+b17+b19)+(b2+b4+b6+…+b18+b20)

=(1+3+5+…+17+19)+12(12-

=10×(1+19)2+1

4.(1)解设等差数列{an}的公差为d.

由bn=an-6,n为奇数,2an,n为偶数,得b1=a16,b2=2a2=2(a1+d),b3=a36=a1+2

得4

解得a

所以an=a1+(n1)d=2n+3.

(2)证明由(1)可得Sn=n[5+(2n+3

当n为奇数时,Tn=a16+2a2+a36+2a4+a56+2a6+…+an26+2an1+an6

=(1+14)+(3+22)+(7+30)+…+[(2n7)+(4n+2)]+2n3

=[1+3+…+(2n7)+(2n3)]+[14+22+…+(4n+2)]

=n

当n5时,TnSn=3n2+5n-102(n2+4n)=n

当n为偶数时,Tn=a16+2a2+a36+2a4+a56+2a6+…+an16+2an

=(1+14)+(3+22)+(7+30)+…+[(2n5)+(4n+6)]

=[1+3+…+(2n5)]+[14+22+…+(4n+6)]=n

当n5时,TnSn=