《材料热力学》第9章相变热力学.pptx

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《材料热力学》第9章相变热力学.pptx

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1相变热力学第九章

2PhasePhaseDefinitionPhaseisaformofmatterHomogeneouschemicalcompositionandpropertiesPhysicallydistinctfromotherphasesofthesubstance.Forexample

3PhaseTransformationThermodynamicevidenceofatransformationcanbeseenifweplotthepropertiesofthematerialasweheatitthroughaphasetransition.Figure1TheconstantpressuremolarheatcapacitiesofseveralelementsT1TmT2

4PhaseTransformationAtspecifictemperaturesthediscontinuitiesintheseplotsRevealthedistinctchangeinpropertiesbetweentwophasesoneithersideofthetransitiontemperature.Theseabruptchangesinpropertiesintheseplotsindicatethetransitiontemperature.

5EnthalpyandEntropyofaTransitionIfweincreasethetemperatureofaphaseatconstantpressure(onlyonedegreeoffreedominapuresubstances),ameltingphasetransitionwehavethat

6EnthalpyandEntropyofaTransitionFortheenthalpyWhenheatingamaterialinsomephaseitsenthalpyandentropyincrease.Inordertocarryouttheaboveintegrationstodeterminetheentropyandenthalpychangesoccurringduetoachangeintemperatureinasinglephase,weusedanempiricalrelationshipdeterminedbyfittingafunctionthatoftenlookedlike:totheheatcapacityversustemperaturecurve.

7EntropyandEnthalpyofTransitionAtthetransitionwheretheabovecurveisdiscontinuous,wecanonlymeasuretheheatinputintothesystemtogetadirectmeasureofenthalpy.Wecouldalsocalculatedtheheatofformationforthedifferentphasesfromtheory.Usingstatisticalmechanicswecantakethetheoreticalresultfortheenergylevelsofthetwodifferentphasesandpredictanenthalpyforthetwodifferentphases.

8PhaseTransformationPhasetransformationscanbecausedbychangingthetemperatureofasystemasintheaboveexample.Raisetemperature,icewatergasPhasetransformationscanbecausedbychangingthepressureIncreasepressureonice1,transformtoice2Phas