染整专业英语课堂练习.pdf

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1Whatisfibre

Fibresarethefoundationoftextileindustry.Alltextilesaremadeoffibres.Allofthe

productionflowsandformulaeintextileswetproceccingstagesincluding

pre-treatment,dyeing,printingandfinalfinishingaredesignedandconductedonthe

basisofthepropertiesofthefibresfromwhichthetextilesaremade.Sitis

necessaryforustoreviewthefibre’sdefinitionandpropertiesbeforewediscussthe

wettreatmentoftextiles.

Whatisafibre?Fibreisthesmallestvisibleunitofmatterthathasahighlength

todiameterratio,finenessandflexibility.

Theabovedefinitionfortextilefibresisverybroad.Smanythingsare

demandedoffibresinmanydifferentuses.However,somecharacteristicscanbe

identifiedwhichalltextilefibresmusthaveiftheyaretobecommerciallysuccessful:

ahighlengthtdiameterratio,strength,extensibilityandelasticity,resistancet

chemicals,heatandsunlight,andabilitytotakecolour.

Fibersareusuallygroupedinordertresearchordiscussorapplythem

conventiently.Mostoffibresarepolymer.Besedontheirchemicalcomposition,

fibrescanbeclassifiedintmanygroupssuchascellulosicfibre,proteinfibre,

viscosefibre,polyamidefibre,polyesterfibreandpolycrylicfibre,etc..Butthemost

convenientgroupingdividesthemintotwobasicgroupsaccoudingtotheirorigins:i.e.

naturalandman-madefibres.Naturalfibresrefertallfibersthatoccurinfibre

forminnature,includingcotton,linen,wl,silk,andsoon,whichhavebeenknown

andusedforthousandsofyears.Asnaturalfibrescannotmeettherequirementof

people,manpolymersthatdonotnaturallexistintheformoffibrehavebeen

pro

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