2024年高考英语新课标I卷D篇阅读文本解析 讲义--高考英语一轮复习.docx

2024年高考英语新课标I卷D篇阅读文本解析讲义

Intheraceto?document?thespeciesonEarthbeforetheygo?extinct,researchersand?citizenscientists?havecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsof?biodiversity?areoften?intheformof?photos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfor?detecting?shifts?inthenumberand?variety?ofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseof?technologyitiseasyforpeopletomake?observations?ofdifferentspecies?withtheaidof?amobile?application,”saidBarnabasDaru,whois?leadauthor?ofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnow?outnumber?the?primary?datathatcomesfromphysical?specimens?(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatato?investigate?howspeciesare?respondingto?globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Arethey?usable?”

Usingaglobal?data?set?of1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedata?represent?actualglobalbiodiversity?patterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsof?sampling?thattendto?bias?(使有偏差)data,likethegreater?likelihood?ofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofa?flowering?plant?insteadof?thegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.

Theirstudy?revealed?thatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobal?coverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedand?favor?certainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.This?makessense?becausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir?encounters?withspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor?eye-catching?features.

Whatcanwedowiththe?imperfect?data?setsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultsto?inform?users?of?oversa