60Co-γ射线对向日葵生长发育及变异的影响.docx

?60Co-γ射线对向日葵生长发育及变异的影响

摘要：本研究利用60Co-γ射线对向日葵进行辐照，设置向日葵种子辐照剂量为0、50、100、150、200Gy。对辐照后植株生长发育指标进行观察统计，分析其辐射敏感性，观察植株变异，探究了辐照对向日葵生长发育和变异的影响，以期为向日葵辐射诱变育种提供数据支持和新育种材料。

实验结果表明：辐射对向日葵的生长发育产生了明显的影响。影响多表现为低剂量促进，高剂量抑制效应，150Gy-200Gy的高剂量辐照，随着辐射剂量的增加，向日葵的生长速度明显减缓，植株高度、茎粗度、叶面积等生长指标明显降低。向日葵的半发芽剂量为753.43Gy；半致矮剂量为325.39Gy；半存活剂量均高于200Gy。同时，辐照对向日葵的花期和也产生了显著的影响。变异类型主要为花器官变异和花期变异。本试验在向日葵M1代共获得135株突变株，其中17株优良变异株，总突变株率为12.53%，优变株率为0.74%。花期突变频率最高，为4.83%。向日葵在200Gy辐照下的突变株率与优变株率均最高。建议200Gy作为向日葵诱变育种的最适宜辐照剂量。为进一步研究60Co-γ射线辐照对向日葵的影响提供了参考依据。

关键词：向日葵；辐射诱变；生长发育指标；变异

Theeffectof60Co-γraysirradiationonthegrowthandvariationofsunflowers

Abstract:Thisstudyconducted60Co-γraysirradiationonsunflowers,settheirradiationdoseforsunflowerseedsto0,50,100,150,and200Gy.Observingandstatisticallyanalyzingthegrowthanddevelopmentindicatorsofirradiatedplants,analyzingtheirradiationsensitivity,observingplantvariation,andexploringtheimpactofradiationonthegrowth,development,andvariationofsunflowers,inordertoprovidedatasupportandnewbreedingmaterialsforsunflowerradiationinducedbreeding.

Theexperimentalresultsindicatethatradiationhasasignificantimpactonthegrowthanddevelopmentofsunflowers.Theimpactismostlymanifestedaslowdosepromotion,highdoseinhibitioneffect,andhighdoseirradiationof150Gy-200Gy.Withtheexpandofradiationdose,thegrowthrateofsunflowersissignificantlysloweddown,andgrowthindicatorssuchasplantheight,stemthickness,andleafareaaresignificantlyreduced.Thehalfgerminationdoseofsunflowersis753.43Gy;Thesemidwarfdoseis325.39Gy;Thehalfsurvivaldoseishigherthan200Gy.Atthesametime,irradiationalsohadasignificantimpactonthefloweringperiodofsunflowers.Themaintypesofvariationarefloralorganvariationandfloweringperiodvariation.Inthisexperiment,atotalof135mutantplantswereobtainedintheM1generation