真核微生物形态结构.pptVIP

Ascospores子囊孢子Ascosporesaresingle-celled,theyareproducedinasaccalledanascus.Thereareusually8as-cosporesineachascus.1Variousascocarpsformedbydifferentasycetefungi.2plectocarp3pyrenocarp4discocarp5BasidiosporesBasidiospores（担孢子）aresingle-celledspores,theyareborneonaclub-shapedstructurecalledbasidium.Oospores（担孢子）formedwithinaspecialfemalestructure,theoogonium.Fertilizationofeggs,oroospheres,bymalegametesinanantheridiumgiverisetooospores.antheridiumoospheresoosporesoogoniumOosporesformation这类真菌称为半知菌形成单倍体孢子，再萌发形成新的菌丝体。有性繁殖阶段：在发育后期，在一定条件下，在菌丝体上分化出无性繁殖阶段：菌丝体（营养体）在适宜的条件下产生无性孢子，有一些霉菌，至尽尚未发现其生活史中有有性繁殖阶段，特殊性器官（细胞），质配、核配、减数分裂后无性孢子萌发形成新的菌丝体，多次重复。生活史Simplefruitingbody-Sporocarp子实体?Asexualfruitingbody无性子实体:Conidialhead无性孢子头:?Aspergillus曲霉属,PenicilliumSporangium孢子囊:?Rhizopus根霉属,Mucor毛霉菌属?Sexualfruitingbody有性子实体:–Basidium担子Complexfruitingbody?Asexualfruitingbody:1Pycnidium分生孢子器:2Sporodochium分生孢子座:Tuberculariaceas3Acervulus分生孢子盘:4?Sexualfruitingbody-Ascocarp子囊果5Cleistothecium闭囊壳:Plectomycetes6Perithecium子囊壳:Pyrenomycetes7Apothecium子囊盘:Disycetes8Cleistothecium闭囊壳Sporodochium分生孢子座Pycnidium分生孢子器Perithecium子囊壳Ascocarp子囊果Apothecium子囊盘孢囊孢子接合孢子霉菌繁殖方式及生活史霉菌繁殖方式及生活史子囊孢子分生孢子3、霉菌孢子与细菌芽孢的比较Parasexualcycle准性生殖Heterokaryoticmycelium:rebination,nosexualreproduction(meiosis)形成异核体2.2differentnucleifusetoformadiploidnucleus形成杂合二倍体Crossing-overoccursbetweenthetwonuclei体细胞重组12345HaploidrestoredHaploidizationbyaneuploidy(?)单倍体化常见霉菌及其菌落形态01由粗而长的分枝状菌丝组成，菌落疏松，呈绒毛状、絮状或蜘蛛网状，比细菌菌落大几倍到几十倍，有的没有固定大小。02各种霉菌，在一定培养基上形成的菌落大小、形状、颜色等相对稳定，所以菌落特征也为分类依据之一。03第三节丝状真菌—霉菌04第三节丝状真菌—霉菌”ClassificationofFungi?Basedon：Reproductivespores繁殖孢子multinucleateormulticellularfilaments–hyphae菌丝010302FungitaxonomicclassificationSEXUALSPORECLASSZygospore------------Zygomycetes接合菌Basidiospore------