运营管理第14版蔡斯.pptx

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2025-03-17 发布于湖北
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运营管理第14版蔡斯.pptx

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ProjectManagementChapterFourCopyright?2021byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin

LearningObjectivesLO4–1:Explainwhatprojectsareandhowprojectsareorganized.LO4–2:Analyzeprojectsusingnetwork-planningmodels.LO4–3:Evaluateprojectsusingearnedvaluemanagement.LO4–4:Exemplifyhowthesetechniquesareimplementedincommercialsoftwarepackages.4-2

ProjectManagementWhatisaproject?Aseriesofrelatedjobs,usuallydirectedtowardsomemajoroutputandrequiringasignificantperiodoftimetoperform.Whatisprojectmanagement?Planning,directing,andcontrollingresources(people,equipment,material,etc.)tomeetthetechnical,cost,andtimeconstraintsoftheproject.Whyisprojectmanagementimportant?Atthehighestlevelsofanorganization,managementofteninvolvesjugglingaportfolioofprojects.4-3

TypesofDevelopmentProjectsTypeofProjectDegreeofChange4-4

ProjectStructurePureProjectAself-containedteamworksfull-timeontheproject.FunctionalProjectResponsibilityfortheprojectlieswithinonefunctionalareaofthefirm.Employeesfromthatareaworkontheproject,usuallyonlypart-time.MatrixProjectAblendofpureandfunctionalprojectstructures–peoplefromdifferentfunctionalareasworkontheproject,possiblyonlypart-time.4-5

PureProjectStructureAdvantagesTheprojectmanagerhasfullauthorityTeammembersreporttoonebossShortenedcommunicationlinesTeampride,motivation,andcommitmentarehighDisadvantagesDuplicationofresourcesOrganizationalgoalsandpoliciesareignoredLackoftechnologytransferTeammembershavenofunctionalareahome4-6

FunctionalProjectStructureAdvantagesAteammembercanworkonseveralprojectsTechnicalexpertisemaintainedinfunctionalareaFunctionalareais“home”afterprojectcompletedCriticalmassofspecializedknowledgeDisadvantagesAspectsoftheprojectthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtothefunctionalareagetshort-changedMotiva