chapter Control Survey for Small Regions 导线平差计算基础知识.pptx

第六章小区域控制测量

6.3导线平差计算基础知识

主讲教师：罗显圣chapter6ControlSurveyforSmallRegions

6.3BasicknowledgeoftraverseadjustmentcalculationThelecturer:ShengxianLuo,lecturer,Engineer

方位角的定义从直线起点的标准方向北端起，顺时针方向量至直线的水平夹角，称为该直线的方位角；其角值范围为0°--360°。12标准方向北端方位角22222DefinitionofazimuthAzimuthisusuallydefinedasahorizontalanglemeasuredclockwisefromthenorthendofthereferencemeridiantotheline.Themagnitudeofanazimuthcanfallanywhere0°to360°.

正、反坐标方位角直线1-2：点1是起点，点2是终点。α12—正坐标方位角；α21—反坐标方位角。直线2-1：所以一条直线的正、反坐标方位角互差180oα21α12xyoxx12ForwardandbackazimuthsLinefrompoint1topoint2：point1isthestartpoint，point2istheendpointα12—Forwardazimuth，α21—BackazimuthLinefrompoint2topoint1：Theforwardandbackazimuthsofalinealwaysdifferbyexactly180°

象限角某直线的象限角是由直线起点的标准方向北端或南端起，沿顺时针或逆时针方向量至该直线的锐角，用R表示。直线R与α的关系O1O2O3O4（北）（西）y（东）（南）xoⅠⅣⅢⅡRO1RO3RO2RO4αO1αO2αO3αO41234αO1=RO1αO2=180°－RO2αO3=180°＋RO3αO4=360°－RO4BearingBearingofalineisananglemeasuredclockwiseoranticlockwisefromnorthorsouthofthereferencemeridianandisdenotedbytheletterR.relationshiplinenortheastsouthwest

坐标方位角的推算α12已知，通过连测求得12边与23边的连接角为β2（右角）、23边与34边的连接角为β3（左角），现推算α23、α34。1234xxxα23α34α12β2β3前进方向GridazimuthcalculationsForwarddirectionLettheknowngridazimuthofline12beα12andtheobservedhorizontalanglebetweenadjacentline12andline23isβ2（right-handangle），anglebetweenadjacentline23andline34isβ3（left-handangle），thegridazimuthα23、α34arecalculatedasfollows.

由图中分析可知1234xxα23α12β2α21前进方向xα34β3α32ForwarddirectionItcanbeconcludedfromtheanalysisinthefigure

坐标方位角推导公式当β角为左角时，取“＋”；若为右角时，取“－”。注意：计算中，若α前360°，减360°；若α前0°，加360°。或AgeneralformulafortheCalculationofthegridazimuthIfhorizontalanglesaretheleft-handangles,thesign+ischosen，Ifhorizontalanglesaretheright-handangles,thesign-ischosen，Besides，noterangeofgridazimuthfro