现代杀虫剂介绍.ppt

现代杀虫剂6.avermectins现代杀虫剂Thecomplexnaturalproductsknownasavermectins(10)werediscoveredintheJapanesesoilmicroorganismandintroducedbyMerckSharpandDohmeunderthenameabamectin,whichisamixtureoftheB1a(R=Et)andB1b(R=Me)derivatives.AnthelminticandacaricidalactivitywasreportedbyPutteretal.(1981).Theavermectinsarehighlyactiveagainstnematodesandareamongstthemostactiveinsecticidesknown.现代杀虫剂Theirmammaliantoxicityis,however,high(LD5010mg/kg)andtheyaretoxictobees.Theybindstronglytosoil,however,anddegraderapidlyundertheinfluenceofsoi1microorganismswithnobioaccumulation.Anumberofchemicalmodificationswithincreasedactivityhavebeenreported.现代杀虫剂7.新杀虫剂的研究和进展Thechloronicotinylinsecticideimidacloprid(17)(Bayer)representsthemostsuccessfulactiveingredienttobemarketedinthelastdecadeforthecontrolofsuckingandsomechewingpests.现代杀虫剂Asaconsenquence,anextensiveresearchanddevelopmentledtothediscoveryofsomeinsecticidesfromthischemicalclass,suchasthiacloprid(18)(Bayer)andMTI-446(19)(MitsuiChemicals)现代杀虫剂Fipronil(20),arecentlydevelopedphenylpyrazoleinsecticide(Rh?ne--Poulenc)isusedforthecontrolofmanysoilandfoliarinsects,e.g.,cornrootworm,beetleslarvaeandricewaterweevilsonavarietyofcrops.20现代杀虫剂anovelsecondgenerationecdysone(22)fromRohmandHaaswhichcanbeusedinintegratedpestmanagementprogrammes.现代杀虫剂Spirodiclofen(23)fromBayerisusedasanovelbroadspectrumacaricide.

现代杀虫剂三、驱避剂定义：驱避剂是指那些用于驱赶有害昆虫而不杀死它们的化学药剂。通常可以将被害物的周围或表面用驱避剂处理，使害虫不去侵害。这类药剂主要用于驱赶那些危害人体或家畜的害虫如蚊、蝇.驱避剂的作用机制尚不清楚。通常认为，特殊的人体气味、汗液的气味，往往可以吸引害虫。当使用驱避剂后，人体表面为驱避剂蒸气所覆盖。使上述气味被掩饰或隐匿起来，使害虫不再侵害人体。现代杀虫剂避蚊胺现代杀虫剂四、保幼激素1.昆虫内激素及其作用由昆虫的脑、咽侧体、前胸腺组成的分泌系统所分泌的激素，即内激素，对昆虫的生长及和发育起着节作用。昆虫内激素主要有三种：脑激素：由胸部神经分泌细胞所分泌，主要功能是控制和调整蜕皮激素的分泌。蜕皮激素：由前胸腺所分泌，引起幼虫的蜕皮，促进变态．到成虫就不存了。保幼