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LaboratoryExercise4
PollingandInterrupts
Thepurposeofthierciseistolearnhowtosendandreceivedatato/fromI/Odevices.Therearetwo
methodsusedtoindicatewhetherornotdatacanbesentorisreadytobereceivedto/fromI/Odevices.Thefirst
method,polling,iswheretheprocessorqueriesdevicestoseeiftheycanreceivedataorhavedataavailable.The
secondmethod,interrupts,iswhendevicesindicatetotheprocessorthattheycanreceivedataorthattheyhave
dataavailable,withouttheprocessorexplicitlyrequesting.
AsimpleandcommonlyusedschemefortransferringdatabetweenaprocessorandanI/Odeviceisknown
astheUniversalAsynchronousReceiverTransmitter(UART).AUARTinterface(circuit)isplacedbetweenthe
processorandtheI/Odevice.Ithandlesdataone8-bitcharacteratatime.ThetransferofdatabetweentheUART
andtheprocessorisdoneinparallelfashion,whereallbitsofacharacteraretransferredatthesametimeusing
separatewires.However,thetransferofdatabetweentheUARTandtheI/Odeviceisdoneinbit-serialfashion,
transferringthebitsoneatatime.
Altera’sSOPCBuildercanimplementaninterfaceoftheUARTtypeforuseinNiosIIsystems,whichis
calledtheJTAGUART.ThiscircuitcanbeusedtoprovideaconnectionbetweenaNiosIIprocessorandthe
hostcomputerconnectedtoAltera’sDE2board.Figure1showsablockdiagramoftheJTAGUARTcircuit.
OnonesidetheJTAGUARTconnectstotheAvalonswitchfabric,whileontheothersideitconnectsthehost
computerviatheUSB-Blasterinterface.TheJTAGUARTcorecontainstworegisters:DataandControl,which
areaccessedbytheprocessorasmemorylocations.TheaddressoftheControlregisteris4byteshigherthan
theaddressassignedtotheDataregister.ThecorealsocontainstwoFIFOsthatserveasstoragebuffers,onefor
queueingupthedatatobetransmittedtothehostandtheotherforqueueingupthedatareceivedfromthehost.
Figure2givestheformatoftheregisters.
JTAGUARTCore
RegistersWrite
Avalon
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