大学物理-保守力与非保守力.pptxVIP

一万有引力和弹性力作功的特点(Thefeaturesoftheworkdonebytheuniversalgravitationaltheelasticforce)m’对m的万有引力为m移动dr时,F作元功为1、万有引力作功(Workdonebyuniversalgravitationalforce)

2m从A到B的过程中F作功：

2、弹性力作功(Workdonebyelasticforce)弹性力x2x1xFOdxdW

保守力所作的功仅决定于物体始、末位置,而与所经过的路径无关．1保守力与非保守力保守力作功的数学表达式(TheconservativeforceThenon-conservativeforceThemathematicalexpressionofworkbytheconservatiiveforce)2Theworkdonebytheconservatiiveforceonlydependsontheinitialfinalpositionsoftheobjectisindependentofthepaththatittook.3保守力作功的特点(Thefeatureoftheworkdonebytheconservativeforce)4

质点沿任意闭合路径运动一周时,保守力对它所作的功为零.非保守力:力所作的功与路径有关(如摩擦力).WhenanobjectmovesaroundanarbitraryclosedlooptheworkdonebyconservativeforcesonitiszeroThenon-conservativeforce:Workdonebytheforcedependsonthepath(e.gThefrictionalforce)2保守力作功的数学表达式(Themathematicalexpressionofworkbytheconservativeforce)

三势能(Potentialenergy)与相互作用的物体相对位置有关的能量.Energydependsonoftherelativepositionoftheinteractiveobjects引力势能Gravitionalpotentialenergy引力的功Workofgravitionalforce弹力的功Workofelasticforce弹力势能Elasticpotentialenergy

物体在地球表面附近距地面高为y时,具有的引力势能称为重力势能保守力对物体作的功等于物体势能增量的负值．保守力的功(Workofconservativeforce)重力势能(Gravitypotenial)Theworkdonebytheconservativeforceonobjectisequaltothenegativevalueoftheincrementofthepotenialenergyofthatobject

作用于物体上的在Ox轴上的保守力,等于势能对坐标x的导数的负值。01TheconservativeforceactingontheobjectalongtheOxaxisisequaltothenegativederivativeofpotenialenergywithrespecttothecoordinatex02在一维情况下

势能是状态的函数讨论Thepotenialenergyisafunctionofstate势能具有相对性,势能大小与势能零点的