考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷370.pdfVIP

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷370

一、阅读常（规阅读理解）本（题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Thereisacommonmisconceptionthatthesinglemostimportantfactorinscienceand

developmentistheneedforadequatefundingforrelevantresearch.Thistypeof

thinking一sometimesdescribedasthesciencepushmodelofdevelopment—tendsto

focusontheproportionofacountrysgrossnationalproductspentonresearchand

development.Butspendingonresearchispariofabroaderpiclure.Anarguablylarger

roleisplayedbygovernmentpoliciesaffectingthepracticalapplicationofscientific

knowledge.Thisusuallyinvolvesembeddingsuchknowledgeintechnologicalproducts

andprocesses,whatiswidelydescribedastechnologytransfer.Technologytransferhas

inthepastoftenbeendemonisedinmanydevelopmentpolicycirclesasaprocessby

whichmultinationalcorporationsbecomerichattheepenseofpoorcountries—selling

themproductstheycannotaffordandkeepingthempoliticallysubservientbyrefusinglo

licensetechnicalknow-how.Butasdevelopingcountrieshavebecomeincreasingly

integratedintoasingleglobaleconomy,suchthinkinghaschanged.ForregionslikeEast

AsiaorLatinAmerica,effectivetechnologytransfer,tappingintothescientificand

technicalknowledgeofnotonlyresearchersintheNorth,butincreasinglytheirown,is

nowrecognisedasessentialtoeconomicgrowthandsocialprosperity.Oneimportant

themetoemergeisthattechnologytransferhasbecomeacomplebusiness,withmany

differentactors.But,justasimportant,isthefactthatsocietyspoorestsectorsareoften

forgottenintechnologytransferdebates.Debatesraisedbythepovertygapbetweenrich

andpoorcountriesarebeingreplacedbyconcernsaboutthegapwithindeveloping

countriesthemselves.Thisshouldcomeaslittlesurprise.Inpractice,thepriva