学术英语（社科）_Unit 9.pptx

Unit9WhoGetsWhat,When,andHow

ContentsReadingTextATextBViewingSpeakingResearchPaperWriting

TextALead-intaskWhilereadingAfterreadingtasksTheScienceinPoliticalScience

Lead-intaskWritedownthreewordsthatyouassociatewithpoliticalscience._____________________________Howmuchdoyouthinkthesewordsreflect“science”inpoliticalscience?Criticalthinking

Languagesupport句中的“when”,“how”意为“whentheygetit,howtheygetit”。WhilereadingAtitsmostbasiclevel,politicsisthestruggleof“whogetswhat,when,how.”(Para.1)

Languagesupport句子主干简单，是一个主系表结构。句子复杂的地方在于表语部分有两个并列表达“asmodestas…orasoverwhelmingas…”。其中前一个as…as…结构里有一个独立主格结构competinginterestinggroupsfightingover…。modest和overwhelming对比，指政治学研究的东西有小有大。句中as…as…的部分的句意可以理解为：Competinginterestgroupsfightingovercontrolofasmallmunicipalbudgetisamodeststrugglewhileamilitarystand-offbetweeninternationalsuperpowersisanoverwhelmingstruggle.WhilereadingThisstrugglemaybeasmodestascompetinginterestgroupsfightingovercontrolofasmallmunicipalbudgetorasoverwhelmingasamilitarystand-offbetweeninternationalsuperpowers.(Para.1)

Languagesupport“bothsmallandlarge”是后置定语，修饰”struggles”，分别对应前一句的“modeststruggle”和“overwhelmingstruggle”。WhilereadingPoliticalscientistsstudysuchstruggles,bothsmallandlarge,inanefforttodevelopgeneralprinciplesortheoriesaboutthewaytheworldofpoliticsworks.(Para.1)

Languagesupport“typicallyassociatedwith…”是后置定语，修饰“theobjectivity”和“conceptualandmethodologicalrigor”。一般“硬科学”指传统自然科学。作者这里加上“so-called”一词，并且给“硬”加上引号，说明他不是很认可这种说法，他认为社会科学也是可以测量的，因而也是科学。WhilereadingAsaresult,politicalscientistsgenerallystrivetoemulatetheobjectivityaswellastheconceptualandmethodologicalrigortypicallyassociatedwiththeso-called“hard”sciences(e.g.,biology,chemistry,andphysics).(Para.3)

Languagesupport此句中有两个“it”，其中第一个“it”是形式主语，第二个“it”指“theory-building”.