英语语音教程_参考答案.docx

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AnswerstoEar-trainingandWrittenExercise

Chapter1

WrittenExercise

Phonetictranscription

Theactualrealizationof‘t’sounds:

Phoneme/t/

Words

Broadtranscription

Narrowtranscriptionof‘t’

top

/t?p/

[th?p]

stop

/st?p/

[st?p]

eighth

/e?tθ/

[e?tθ]

tree

/tri?/

[t?ri?]

button

/b?tn/

[b??n]

[t?],[t],[t],[t?]and[?]areallphoneticallydifferentsounds,i.e.allophonesofthephoneme/t/.Thisdifferencecanbecapturedinthetranscription,asin[th?p]and[st?p],respectively.The‘t’ineighthissucceededbythedental/θ/sound,soitisdentliseds[t],nd‘t’inintreeisretreatedas[t?]becauseitisfollowedbypost-alveolar[r]-sound.Ontheotherhand,inthewordbutton,‘t’ispronouncedwithaglottalstop,andistranscribedas[?].

Minimalpairs

Word-initialposition

Word-midposition

Word-finalposition

late–rate

tell–tail

mat–mad

Patty–batty

bade–bird

peace–Pete

Pete–beat

chick–cheque

fleece–fleet

bail–pale

fist–fished

plate–played

pen–Ben

collect-correct

sinner–singer

line-Rhine

fill–fell

leak–league

loyal-royal

middle–medal

worth–worse

Thespeechorgans

epiglottis

vocalcords

esophagus

nasalcavity

oralcavity

pharyngealcavity

upperandlowerlips

upperandlowerteeth

alveolarridge

hardpalate

softpalate(velum)

uvula

tipofthetongue

bladeofthetongue

frontofthetongue

backofthetongue

rootofthetongue

Basicknowledge

velum 2) /?/

3) theupperandlowerlip 4) dental

5) speechproduction 6) speechorgans

7) allophones 8) complementarydistribution

9) narrowtranscription: 10)minimalpair

Chapter2

Ear-trainingExercise

1)

pen

2)

feel

3)

cut

4)

fail

5)

nowhere

6)

pain

7)

fair

8)

air

9)

leave

10)

won’t

11)

collar

12)

pole

13)

walk

14)

phoned

15)

ashower

WrittenExercise

VowelsoundsofEnglishletters

/e?/

/i:/

/e/

/a?/

/??/

/u:/

/ɑ?/

AHJK

BCDEGPT

V

FLMNSXZ

IY

O

QUW

R

Soundrecognition

1)

man

2)

speak

3)

go

4)

one

5)

bacon

6)

breakfast

7)