英美文化笔记 .pdfVIP

英美文化笔记--第1页

英国篇

英国历史上著名的三次入侵：

1.in43AD,Romanconquest.

th

2.inlate8century,ScandinavianVikingsConquest

3.in1066,NormanConquest(Battleofhastings转折点)

EasterRising（复活节起义，名词解释）：TheEasterRisingof1916wasthemostspectacularevent,

inwhichtherebelstookoverDublin’sPostOffice,forcingtheBritishtoretakeitbymilitary

means.Theleadersoftherebellionwereexecuted(执行死刑).

ProvisionalIRA（临时爱尔兰共和军）：（IRA：IrishRepublicanArmy）Itisastrongfactionfeltthat

armedforcewastheonlywaytogettheBritishout,andseparatedfromtheofficials.Itisthis

groupwhichhascontinuedtheconflictforthelast30years,anditisthemthatareusually

referredtobytalkingabouttheIRA.

两个协议：

1．TheAnglo-IrishAgreement:Itwasemergedin1985.Undertheagreement,theDublin

governmentonmattersaffectingthenorthern,

2．TheGoodFridayAgreement:ItisalsoknownasBelfastAgreement,emergedon10April

1998.ThisagreementassurestheloyalistcommunitythatNorthernIrelandremainspartof

theUnitedKingdomandshallnotceasetobesowithouttheconsentofthemajorityofthe

peopleofNorthernIreland.

英国自由的起源：

MagnaCarta（英国大宪章）：Itwasagangoffeudalbaronsandthechurchwhichopposedsome

rightsofcitizensagainstthecrown.

英国政治的核心机构：议会parliament（了解各自特征）

包括Houseoflords（上议院）：ItconsistsoftheLordsSpiritualandtheLords

Temporal.Theysitinthelordseitherbecausetheyhaveinheritedtheseatform

forefathersorbecausetheyhavebeenopinedbythesovereign(统治者),atthe

suggestionofthePrimeMinister.Inparliament,theyspeakandvoteasindividuals.

Theydonotreceivesalariesandmanydonot