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Chapter1
TheSoritesParadox
DominicHyde
Whatisthemostabundantrarespecies?Andwhatistheleastabundantcommon
species?Whatisthelongestshortintroductiontothesoritesparadoxandwhatisthe
shortestlongintroduction?Thequestionsare,ofcourse,rhetoricalhighlightingthe
puzzlementthatsurroundsattemptstodrawboundariestotheapplicationofvague
termslike‘rare’,‘common’,‘short’and‘long’.
Inaworldofchange,weseespeciesgofromcommontorareandyetareunable
topointtoanymomentatwhichtheyceasedtobecommon.Weseepeoplegrowold
andyetcannotnominateanymomentatwhichtheyceasedtobeyoung,andwesee
societiesbecomeunjustandyetcannotnominateanymomentatwhichtheyceased
tobejust.Nonetheless,transitionslikethesesurelymustoccuratsomepoint,ifat
all.Theremustbeachangesomewherebutnoparticularpointcanbesingledoutas
thepointofchange.Wherethenarewetodrawtheline?
Thispuzzlingquestionliesattheheartoftheancientsoritesparadoxandthe
moregeneralclassofparadoxicalargumentsthatarenowso-described.
1.1TheSoritesPuzzle
Thename‘sorites’derivesfromtheGreekwordsoros(meaning‘heap’)and
originallyreferredtoapuzzle:
Wouldyoudescribeasinglegrainofwheatasaheap?No.Wouldyoudescribetwograins
ofwheatasaheap?No....Youmustadmitthepresenceofaheapsoonerorlater,sowhere
doyoudrawtheline?
D.Hyde(B)
UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD,Australia
e-mail:d.hyde@.au
Thischapterreproducespartofmy“TheSoritesParadox”inE.Zalta(ed),TheStanford
EncyclopediaofPhilosophy(2005).URL:.
G.Ronzitti(ed.),Vagueness:AGuide,Logic,Epistemology,andtheUnity1
ofScience19,DOI10.1007/978-94-007-0375-9_1,
CScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011
2D.Hyde
ThepuzzlewasknownasTheHeap.Itwasoneofaseriesofpuzzles
DiogenesLaërtius(1925:ii108)attributedtotheMegarianlogicianEubulidesof
Miletus.
AnotherwastheBaldMan:
Wouldyoudescribeamanwithonehaironhisheadasbald?Yes.Woul
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