计算机网络专业英语 习题 T1.docx

NOS

Inaddition,anetworkcanbesetupbycomputerswithNOSsuchasWindows/Linuxinstalled.EverycomputerrequiresauniqueLANcard,whichshouldbeproperlyinstalledandconfigured,andEthernetcablewiththeRJ-45connectorsatbothends.Tocommunicatewiththeothercomputer,eachcomputershouldsupportthesameprotocolandtheTCP/IPisthemostcommonlyusedprotocolinacomputernetwork.Eachnetworkiseitherapeer-to-peerorclient/servernetwork.Inaclient/servernetworkmodel,acentralizeddomaincontrollerisusedtocontrolallthecomputernetworks.Itprovidestheservicestotheclientslikelogon,authentication,printeraccess,scanneraccess,centralizeddatastorage,usermanagement,resourcesmanagement,DHCP,DNS,FTPandinternetaccess.

Internet

TheInternetistheglobalsystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatusetheInternetprotocolsuite(TCP/IP)tolinkbillionsofdevicesworldwide.Itisanetworkofnetworksthatconsistsofmillionsofprivate,public,academic,business,andgovernmentnetworksoflocaltoglobalscope,linkedbyabroadarrayofelectronic,wireless,andopticalnetworkingtechnologies.

TheInternetcarriesanextensiverangeofinformationresourcesandservices,suchastheinter-linkedhypertextdocumentsandapplicationsoftheWorldWideWeb(WWW),electronicmail,telephony,andpeer-to-peernetworksforfilesharing.

AlthoughtheInternetprotocolsuitehasbeenwidelyusedbyacademiaandthemilitaryindustrialcomplexsincetheearly1980s,eventsofthelate1980sand1990ssuchasmorepowerfulandaffordablecomputers,theadventoffiberoptics,thepopularizationofHTTPandtheWebbrowser,andapushtowardsopeningthetechnologytocommerceeventuallyincorporateditsservicesandtechnologiesintovirtuallyeveryaspectofcontemporarylife.

TheoriginsoftheInternetdatebacktoresearchanddevelopmentcommissionedbytheUnitedStatesgovernment,theGovernmentoft