新时代职业 化工英语-Unit 6-PPT课件.pptxVIP

;;LEARNINGOBJECTIVE;STARTWITHCHEMICALS;PROGRESSWITHCHEMICALS;IntensiveReading; Chaingrowth

Themonomericradicalsgeneratedintheinitiationphasearehighlyreactive,andthereactiveradicalsactontheethylenedoublebondtoopenthedoublebondtogeneratenewreactiveradicals.

Thenewreactiveradicalscontinuetocombinewithethylenemonomericmoleculestogeneratemacromolecularradicals.Thisprocessiscalledchaingrowth.

; Chaintermination

5 Thechainterminationreactionisakindofdouble-groupcouplinganddouble-groupdisproportionationtomaketheradicalactivitydisappear.Double-groupcouplingterminationcangenerateastablemacromoleculewithincreasedpolymerization,anddouble-groupdisproportionationterminationcangeneratetwostablemacromolecules,oneofwhichcontainsanunsaturateddoublebondintheendgroup.

; Chaintransfer

6 Freeradicalsarecharacterizedbytransferandseizurereactions.Asthegrowingpolymerradicalscantakeoverthehydrogenatomsonthemonomericmoleculesandchaintransferagentstoproducenewradicals,thenewradicalsfurthertriggerthechaingrowth.

;Theadditionofchaintransferagentscanmaketheoriginalgrowthofpolymerradicalsinactiveandgeneratepolyethylenemacromolecules,sothiscanbeusedtocontrolthemolecularweightofpolyethylene.

Somefactorscaninfluencetheethyleneultra-highpressurefreeradicalreaction,whichincludetemperature,pressure,andinitiatorconcentration.

Temperature

9 Theriseinthereactiontemperatureacceleratesthepolymerizationraterateandincreasesboththechaingrowthrateandthechaintransferrate.However,withtheriseinthereactiontemperature,thechaintransferrateincreasesmuchfasterthanthechaingrowthrate,sotheaveragemolecularweightofpolyethylenedecreasesaccordinglyandthemeltingindex(MI)increases.

; Pressure

10 Pressurehasquiteanobviouseffectonthemolecularweightofpolyethylene. Wh