Unit6_单元高考阅读 名师课件 名师课件.docVIP

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Unit6单元高考阅读

阅读提示:本文为说明文,讲述了二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时,奇怪地发现到处看不到破火山口的影子,原来,这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子,而是一个巨大的洞,这个洞太大了以至于从地面水平位置的任何地方都看不见。

Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano①.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.

Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆维体）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩衆）pilesup②.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.

JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross-muchtoohugetobeseenf