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AIAgentsvs.AgenticAI:AConceptualTaxonomy,ApplicationsandChallenges
RanjanSapkota*?,KonstantinosI.Roumeliotist,ManojKarkee*?
*CornellUniversity,DepartmentofEnvironmentalandBiologicalEngineering,USA
tDepartmentofInformaticsandTelecommunications,UniversityofthePeloponnese,22131Tripoli,Greece
?Correspondingauthors:rs2672@cornell.edu,mk2684@cornell.edu
arXiv:2505.10468v1[cs.AI]15May2025Abstract—ThisreviewcriticallydistinguishesbetweenAIAgentsandAgenticAI,offeringastructuredconceptualtax-onomy,applicationmapping,andchallengeanalysistoclarifytheirdivergentdesignphilosophiesandcapabilities.Webeginbyoutliningthesearchstrategyandfoundationaldefinitions,characterizingAIAgentsasmodularsystemsdrivenbyLLMsandLIMsfornarrow,task-specificautomation.GenerativeAIispositionedasaprecursor,withAIAgentsadvancingthroughtoolintegration,promptengineering,andreasoningenhancements.Incontrast,AgenticAIsystemsrepresentaparadigmaticshiftmarkedbymulti-agentcollaboration,dynamictaskdecomposi-tion,persistentmemory,andorchestratedautonomy.Throughasequentialevaluationofarchitecturalevolution,operationalmechanisms,interactionstyles,andautonomylevels,wepresentacomparativeanalysisacrossbothparadigms.Applicationdo-mainssuchascustomersupport,scheduling,anddatasumma-rizationarecontrastedwithAgenticAIdeploymentsinresearchautomation,roboticcoordination,andmedicaldecisionsupport.Wefurtherexamineuniquechallengesineachparadigminclud-inghallucination,brittleness,emergentbehavior,andcoordina-tionfailureandproposetargetedsolutionssuchasReActloops,RAG,orchestrationlayers,andcausalmodeling.Thisworkaimstoprovideadefinitiveroadmapfordevelopingrobust,scalable,andexplainable
arXiv:2505.10468v1[cs.AI]15May2025
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