复旦研究生综合英语2(修订版)-Unit.pptxVIP

U8AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReferenceTextActiveandPassiveEuthanasiaWarm-upActivitiesFurtherReadingWritingSkillsAdditionalWork

Trytogiveadefinitionofeuthanasia.1Brainstormabouttheprosandconsofeuthanasia.2Collectreferencestothisissueandtakedownnotes.3Orderinformationandworkoutyourownopinion.4Warm-upActivitiesWarm-up1.1

JamesRachelswasanAmericanprofessorofmoralphilosophyandmedicalethicswhowasparticularlyconcernedwithethicalissues.BorninColumbus,Georgia,heearneddegreesatMercerUniversityandtheUniversityofCaliforniabeforejoiningtheUniversityofAlabama,BirminghamDepartmentofPhilosophyfacultyin1977.ThepopularityofhisgroundbreakingtextbookanthologyMoralProblems(1971),whichsold100,000copies,influencedAmericanuniversitiestomoveawayfrommoretraditionalphilosophicallyorientedundergraduatemoralphilosophycoursestowardmorepracticalundergraduatecoursesinethics.AIFTTR1.1AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReference1.JamesRachels(1941-2003)

2.EuthanasiaAIFTTR2.1Euthanasiaisapracticeofmercifullyendingaperson’slifeinordertoreleasethepersonfromanincurabledisease,intolerablesuffering,orundignifieddeath.ThewordeuthanasiaderivesfromtheGreekfor“gooddeath”andoriginallyreferredtointentionalmercykilling.Proponentsofeuthanasiabelievethatunnecessarilyprolonginglifeinterminallyillpatientscausessufferingtothepatientsandtheirfamilymembers.Manysocietiesnowpermitpassiveeuthanasia,whichallowsphysicianstowithholdorwithdrawlife-sustainingtreatmentwhendirectedtodosobythepatientoranauthorizedrepresentative.

AIFTTR2.2Euthanasiadiffersfromassistedsuicide,inwhichapatientvoluntarilybringsabouthisorherowndeathwiththeassistanceofanotherperson,typicallyaphysician.Inthiscase,theactisasuicide(intentionalself-inflicteddeath),because