中山考研真题语言学概论.pdfVIP

中山大学2003年攻读入学考试试题

科目代码：453

科目名称：语言学概论

参考答案：

I.

1.ally//2.adjourn//

3.ascend//4.embryo/´mbri/

5.lable//6.entrepreneur//

7.piteous//8.resurrect//

9.nuisance//10.genre//

II.

1.system

2.sounds

4.NoamChomsky

5.complementarydistribution

6.freeform

7.collocation

8.exocentric

9.TheMeaningofMeaning

10.tenor

11.Sapir-Whorf

12.HandbookofAmericannLanguage

13.Systemic-Functional

14.Lingnan

15.cleft

III.

1.Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromany

animalsystemofcommunication,suchasarbitrariness,creativity.

2.Languageisnotanisolatedphenomenon;itisasocialactivitycarriedoutinacertain

environmentbyhumanbeings.Inthecourseoftimethestudyoflanguagehasestablishedclose

linkswithotherbranchesofsocialstudies,resultinginsomeinterdisciplinarybranchesof

linguisticsstudy.Theyaregenerallyregardedasmacrolinguistics,forexample,sociolinguistics,

andpsycholinguistics.

3.Whentheairstreamcomingfromthelungsmeetswithnoobstructionwhatsoever,thesound

producedinthiswayisavowel.

4.Thetwowordsinalanguagewhichdifferformeachotherbyonlyonedistinctivesound(one

phoneme)andwhichalsodifferinmeaningareminimalpair.Forexample,theEnglishwordsbear

andpearareaminimalpairastheydifferinmeaningandintheirinitialphonemes/b/and/p/.