光纤的色散与非线性效应.pptxVIP

光纤的色散与非线性效应

随着脉冲在光纤中传输，脉冲的宽度被展宽劣化的程度随数据速率的平方增大决定了电中继器之间的距离光纤的色散模间色散(ModeDispersion)色度色散(CromaticDispersion)偏振色散(PolarizationModeDispersion)

色散对传输的限制

Material(Chromatic)DispersionThisiscausedbythefactthattherefractiveindexoftheglassweareusingvaries(slightly)withthewavelength.Somewavelengthsthereforehavehighergroupvelocitiesandsotravelfasterthanothers.Sinceeverypulseconsistsofarangeofwavelengthsitwillspreadouttosomedegreeduringitstravel.

GroupVelocityDispersion”(GVD)NormalDispersionRegime:thelongwavelengthstravelfasterthantheshortones!Thusaftertravellingonafibrewavelengthsattheredendofthepulsespectrumwillarrivefirst.Thisiscalledapositivechirp!AnomalousDispersionRegime:theshortwavelengths(blueendofthespectrum)travelfasterthanthelongwavelengths(redend).Aftertravelonafibretheshorterwavelengthswillarrivefirst.Thisisconsideredanegativechirp.

PolarisationModeDispersion(PMD)ThereisusuallyaveryslightdifferenceinRIforeachpolarisation.Itcanbeasourceofdispersion,usuallylessthan.5ps/nm/km.Theeffectistocauseacircularorellipticalpolarisationtoformasthesignaltravelsalongthefibre.Dispersionresultingfromthebirefringentpropertiesoffibreiscalled“PolarisationModeDispersion”(PMD).

WaveguideDispersionTheshape(profile)ofthefibrehasaverysignificanteffectonthegroupvelocity.Thisisbecausetheamountthatthefieldsoverlapbetweencoreandcladdingdependsstronglyonthewavelength.Thelongerthewavelengththefurtherthetheelectromagneticwaveextendsintothecladding.sinceagreaterproportionofthewaveatshorterwavelengthsisconfinedwithinthecore,theshorterwavelengths“see”ahigherRIthandolongerwavelengths.Thereforeshorterwavelengthstendtotravelmoreslowlythanlongerones.

传输使用的三种不同类型的单模光纤G.652单模光纤（NDSF）G.653单模光纤（DSF）123G.655单模光纤（NZ-DSF）