语言学第二章.pptVIP

语言学第二章第1页，共68页，星期日，2025年，2月5日

TheStudyof

SoundClassificationandtranscriptionOutline2.0.Introduction2.1.Speechproductionandperception2.2.Whatisphonetics?2.3.Threebranches:2.4.Howhumanproducesspeechsounds?2.5.Phoneticfeatures:voiced/voiceless;nasal/oral;elision/assimilation2.6.ConsonantsVowels2.7.Phonetictranscription第2页，共68页，星期日，2025年，2月5日

2.0IntroductionDuringyourfreshmen’syear,bytakingtheEnglishPronunciationandIntonationcourse,youhaveacquiredsomebasicknowledgeofthesoundsoflanguage,suchas(1)Englishphonemes(音素)(ClassificationofEnglishVowels(20)andConsonants(28):)FrontVowels:/i:,i,e,?/;Backvowels:/a:,o,o:,u,u:/Centralvowels:/v,?,?:/Diphthongs:/ei,ai,oi,i?,ε?,u?,?u,au/;Plosiveconsonants:/p,b,t,d,k,g/Fricativeconsonants:/f,v;θ,th;s,z;sh,?;r,h/Affricateconsonants:/tsh,dij;tr,dr;ts,dz/Nasalconsonants:/m,n,ng/Lateralconaonants:/l/Semi-vowels:/w,j/第3页，共68页，星期日，2025年，2月5日

2.0Introduction(2)soundclusters;(3)impleteplosion,nasalandlateralplosion;(4)weakforms;(5)pause;(6)liaison,(7)stressandstressshift;(8)linking,elisionandcontraction;(9)assimilationanddissimilation;(10)rhythm;(11)intonation(rising,falling,fall-risetones;combinedintonationsandtoneunits;theintonationsofquestions-tags,vocatives,parentheses,reportingphrases,etc.)第4页，共68页，星期日，2025年，2月5日

2.0IntroductionHowever,whatwehaveacquiredisjustthepracticalaspectofsoundstudyanditisveryusefulforustoimproveourspokenlanguage,esp.ouroralEnglish.Here,thestudyofsoundsoflanguagetriestohelpushaveadeeperunderstandingofhowtopronouncetheindividualsoundsandwhyitispronouncedinthiswayorthatway,sothatwehaveadeeperunderstandingofwhatlanguageisandhowitworks.第5页，共68页，星期日，2025年，2月5日

2.1SpeechproductionandperceptionLanguageisa“systemofv