计算机组成原理教学课件FloatingPoint.pptxVIP

FloatingPoint

PresentationOutline?Floating-PointNumbers?IEEE754Floating-PointStandard?Floating-PointAdditionandSubtraction?Floating-PointMultiplication?ExtraBitsandRounding?MIPSFloating-PointInstructions

TheWorldisNotJustIntegers?Programminglanguagessupportnumberswithfraction?Calledfloating-pointnumbers?Examples:3(π)2.71828…(e)0.000000001or1.0×10–9(secondsinananosecond)86,400,000,000,000or8.64×1013(nanosecondsinaday)lastnumberisalargeintegerthatcannotfitina32-bitinteger?Weuseascientificnotationtorepresent?Verysmallnumbers(e.g.1.0×10–9)?Verylargenumbers(e.g.8.64×1013)?Scientificnotation:±d.f1f2f3f4…×10±e1e2e3

Floating-PointNumbers?Examplesoffloating-pointnumbersinbase10…?5.341×103,0.05341×105,–2.013×10–1,–201.3×10–3decimalpoint?Examplesoffloating-pointnumbersinbase2…?1.00101×223,0.0100101×225,–1.101101×2–3,–1101.101×2–6binarypoint?Exponentsarekeptindecimalforclarity?Thebinarynumber(1101.101)2=23+22+20+2–1+2–3=13.625?Floating-pointnumbersshouldbenormalized?Exactlyonenon-zerodigitshouldappearbeforethepoint?Inadecimalnumber,thisdigitcanbefrom1to9?Inabinarynumber,thisdigitshouldbe1?NormalizedFPNumbers:5.341×103and–1.101101×2–3?NOTNormalized:0.05341×105and–1101.101×2–6

Next...?Floating-PointNumbers?IEEE754Floating-PointStandard?Floating-PointAdditionandSubtraction?Floating-PointMultiplication?ExtraBitsandRounding?MIPSFloating-PointInstructions

IEEE754Floating-PointStandard?Foundinvirtuallyeverycomputerinventedsince1980?Simplifiedportingoffloating-pointnumbers?Unifiedthedevelopmentoffloating-pointalgorithms?Increasedtheaccuracyoffloating-pointnumbers?SinglePrecisionFloatingPointNumbers(32bits)?1-bitsign+8-bitexponent+23-bitfractionSExponent8Fraction23?DoublePrecisionFloatingPointNumbers(64bits)?1-bitsign+11-bitexponent+52-bitfractionSExponent11Fraction52(continued)

NormalizedFl