内存管理技术与虚拟内存系统原理.pdfVIP

Objectives

Toprovideadetaileddescriptionofvariouswaysof

organizingmemoryhardware

Todiscussvariousmemory-managementtechniques,

includingpagingandsegmentation

Todescribethebenefitsofavirtualmemorysystem

Toexintheconceptsofdemandpaging,

recementalgorithms,andallocationofpageframes

W9:MemoryManagement

MainMemory

Allocation

VirtualMemory

DemandPaging

PageRecement

AllocationofFrames

Thrashing

Mainmemory

Background:MemoryHierarchy

Levelsofmemoryincomputersystem

LogicalandPhysicalAddress

Logicaladdress–generatedbytheCPU;alsoreferredtoas

virtualaddress

Physicaladdress–addressseenbythememoryunit

Logicaladdressspaceisthesetofalllogicaladdresses

generatedbyaprogram

Physicaladdressspaceisthesetofallphysicaladdresses

generatedbyaprogram

Memory-ManagementUnit(MMU)：theuserprogramdealswith

logicaladdresses;itneverseestherealphysicaladdresses

BaseandLimitRegisters

Apairofbaseandlimitregistersdefinethelogicaladdressspace

CPUmustcheckeverymemoryaccessgeneratedinuser

modetobesureitisweenbaseandlimitforthatuser

Allocation

ContiguousAllocation

Contiguousallocationisoneearlymethod

Mainmemoryusuallyintotwopartitions:

Residentoperatingsystem;Userprocesses

Eachprocesscontainedinsinglecontiguoussectionofmemory

Multiple-partitionallocation

Hole–blockofavailablememory;hoofvarioussizeare

scatteredthroughoutmemory

Whenaprocessarrives,itisallocatedmemoryfromaholelarge

enoughtomodateit;processexitingfreesitspartition,adjacent

freepartitionscombined

DynamicStorage-AllocationProblem

Howtosatisfyarequestfromalistoffreeho?

First-fit:Allocatethefirstholethatisbigenough