直线与圆位置关系三种情况及概念.pdfVIP

27.4直线与圆的位置关系

一、温习

1、操作:在纸上画一条直线，将一枚硬币放在纸上，从直线的一侧向另一侧缓慢移动.把

硬币的边缘看作一个圆，在硬币移动的过程中，观察直线与圆的公共点的个数.

通过操作，你发现直线与圆的位置关系有几种情况？请你在下面画出直线与圆的各种位置.

2、结论：通过操作可以看到，直线与圆的公共点的个数有三种情况：

公共点，有公共点，有公共点.

3、概念：

（1）当直线与圆没有公共点时，叫做直线与圆相离，如图1所示.

（2）当直线与圆有唯一公共点时，叫做直线与圆相切，如图2所示.这时直线叫做圆的切

线，唯一的公共点叫做切点.

（3）当直线与圆有两个公共点（即交点）时，叫做直线与圆相交，如图3所示.这时直线

叫做圆的割线.

4、根据直线与圆公共点个数的情况，相应得到直线与圆的位置关系有三

种:，，.

27.4Thepositionalrelationship

weenastraightlineandacircle

1.Reviewthe

textbook

1.Operation:Drawastraightlineonthepaper,ceacoinonthepaper,andslowlymoveitfromonesideofthelinetothe

other.Thinkoftheedgeofthecoinasacircle.Duringthemovementofthecoin,observethenumberofcommonpointsofthe

straightlineandthecircle.

Throughoperations,youfindouthowmanysituationsarethereintherelationshipweenastraightlineandacircle?

Pleasedrawvariouspositionsofastraightlineandacirclebelow.

2.Conclusion:Throughoperations,wecanseethattherearethreesituationsinthenumberof

commonpointsofastraightlineandacircle:

Therearepublicpoints,publicpoints,andpublicpoints.

3.Concept:

(1)Whenthereisnocommonpointweenastraightlineandacircle,itiscalledthe

straightlineandacircleseparated,asshowninFigure1.

(2)Whenastraightlineandacirclehaveauniquecommonpoint,itiscalledthestraightlineandthecircletangent,

asshowninFigure2.Atthistime,astraightlineiscalledthetangentlineofthecircle,andtheonlycommonpointis

calledthetang