列一元一次方程解应用题设元技巧专训.pdfVIP

专训2列一元一次方程解应用题的设元技巧

名师点金：解应用题时，首要任务是选设未知元，准确、恰当地设元往往有助于简化解

题过程．设什么元需要根据具体问题的条件确定，常见的设元的方法有直接设元法，间接设

元法，整体设元法，辅助设元法等．

直接设元法

1.【中考·苏州】某停车场的如下：中型汽车的停车费为12元/辆，小型汽车

的停车费为8元/辆，现在停车场共有50辆中、小型汽车，这些车共需缴纳停车费480元，

中、小型汽车各有多少辆？

间接设元法

2.原计划在一定时间内步行由甲地到达乙地，他先以每小时4千米的速度步行了

全程的一半后，又搭上了每小时行驶20千米的顺路汽车，所以比原需要的时间早到了2小

时．甲、乙两地之间的距离千米？

Specialtraining2:Elementsettingtechniquesforsolving

wordproblemsusinglinearequationsofonevariable

Afamousteacher’stip:Whensolvingapplicationproblems,thefirsttaskistoselectunknownelements.

Accurateandappropriateelementsettingoftenhelpstosimplifytheproblem-solvingprocess.Whatele

mentstosetneedtobedeterminedaccordingtotheconditionsofthespecificproblem.Commonmethodsof

elementsettingincludedirectelementsettingmethod,indirectelementsettingmethod,overallelement

settingmethod,auxiliaryelementsettingmethod,etc.

directelement

method

1.[HighSchoolEntranceExam·Suzhou]Thechargingstandardsofacertainparkinglotareas

follows:theparkingfeefor-sizedcarsis12yuan/car,andtheparkingfeeforsmallcarsis8

yuan/car.Therearecurrently50-andsmall-sizedcarsintheparkinglot.Thesecarsneedto

payatotalparkingfeeof480yuan.Howmany-sizedandsmallcarsarethere?

indirectelementmethod

2.AoriginallynnedtowalkfrompointAtopointBwithinacertainperiod

oftime.Hefirstwalkedhalfofthedistanceataspeedof4kilometersperhour,andthen

caughtarideonabustraveling20kilometersperhour,sohearrived