水电离与溶液酸碱性分析.pdfVIP

Section1Aqueous

Solutions

son1Ionizationofwater,acidityandalkali

nityofsolutions

[Learninggoalorientation]Befamiliarwiththeionizationofwater,beabletocorrectly

writetheionizationequationofwater,beabletoanalyzetheimpactofexternalfactorson

theionizationbalanceofwater,beabletocorrectlywritetheexpressionoftheionproduct

constantofwater,andknowtherelationshipweentheacidityandalkalinityofthe

solutionandpH.

1.Chemicalreactionequilibrium:For2HI(g)H(g)＋I(g)ΔH0,thereactionreaches

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equilibriumundercertainconditions,andtheexpressionoftheequilibriumconstant

isK2

＝[H]·[I]/[HI].Analyzetheimpactofchangesinthefollowingconditionsonthe

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movementofthereactionequilibriumandtheequilibriumconstant:

(1)Asthetemperatureincreases,theequilibriummovestothe

。

right,andtheequilibriumconstantKincreases

(2)Whenhydrogengasisintroduced,theequilibriummovestothe

。

left,andtheequilibriumconstantKremainsunchanged.

(3)Asthepressureincreases,theequilibriumdoesnotmoveand

。

theequilibriumconstantKremainsunchanged.

2.Compoundscanbedividedintoelectrolytesandnon-electrolytesaccordingtowhether

theycanconductelectricityinaqueoussolutionormoltenstate.Decidewhetherthe

followingconclusionsarecorrectorincorrect:

(1)Electrolytesandnon-electrolytesare

compounds(