理解语法规则背后原因而非仅记忆规则.pdfVIP

Understandingthereasonsforgrr,notjustlearningtheru

DIANELARSEN-FREEMAN:So,forexample,theresarulethatsayswithactiveverbsyoucan

usethe-ing,thepresentparticiple,asinIamspeakingaboutgrr.Butifyouhaveastative

verb,aso-calledstativeverb,youcantusethe-ing,soyoucantsayIamknowingaboutgrr.

Nowthatsarule,anditworksmoreors.Butitworkss--thespartcomesinwhenyou

haveverbsthathavebothactiveandstativemeanings.Soaverblikeweigh--w-e-i-g-h--youcant

sayIamweighingahundredpounds,butyoucansayIamweighingthemeatatthescalebecause

itsanactionasopposedtoastate.

AA:WhereyouwouldsayIweighahundredpounds.

DIANELARSEN-FREEMAN:Thatsright,yousayIweighahundredpoundsbutIamweighing

themeatthatImgoingtobuy.

RS:YoucanalsosayIweighthemeat.

DIANELARSEN-FREEMAN:Youwouldntsaythatinthemoment.YouwouldsayIweighthe

meateverytimetomakesureIgettheproperportion.Youwouldntsayitinthemoment.

AA:Right,itwouldbeforacontinualprocess.

DIANELARSEN-FREEMAN:Thatswhatthe-ingsignals.Andmypointisthatthe-ingisnot

incompatiblewithcertainverbsaslongasyouusetheactivemeaning.Butitcanhelpyougobeyond.

Forexample,wantisastativeverb,sointheoryIcantsayIamwantinganewcarorIamwanting

anewbicycle.

However,ifIuseitwiththepresentperfectprogressive--Ivebeenwantinganewbicyclefor

sometime--itbecomesmoreacceptablebecausethe-ingsuggestsaprocess.AndifIusethe

presentperfectprogressive,thenImtalkingaboutaspanoftime,adurationoftime.

Oryoucanevendothingslike,iftheresachangeofstate--forexample,Icansaysomethinglik