2025年考研英语一补全短文专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析).pdfVIP

非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。——诸葛亮

考研英语一补全短文专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

1．Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolution

proposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,Britishsocialphilosopher

HerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.

Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedover

time,advancingtowardperfection.(41)______AmericansocialscientistLewis

HenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.

Morganhelpedfoundmodernanthropology—thescientificstudyofhumansocieties,

customsandbeliefs—thusbecomingoneoftheearliestanthropologists.Inhiswork,

heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionof

societies.(42)______Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-born

AmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownas

historicalparticularism.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessof

allcultures,gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.(43)______Boasfeltthatthe

cultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotas

oneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystageortypeofculture.(44)

______Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyof

cultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsof

Boas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularist

theoryofcultureinfavor