高中物理选修3-3分子间作用力教学目标与重点难点.pdfVIP

7.3Intermolecularforces

教学目标

(1)Weknowthattherearegapsweenmolecu;andthatthereareattractionandrepulsion

forcesatthesametime.Theactualmolecularforceshownistheresultantforceofattractionand

repulsion.(2)Understandtheorderofmagnitudeofthedistancer0weenmolecuwhenthe

molecularforceiszero.(3)Whenthedistanceweenmolecur＜r0isknown,theactual

molecularforceisrepulsion,andthisrepulsionincreasesrapidlyasrdecreases.(4)Whenthe

distanceweenmolecur＞r0isknown,theactualmolecularforceisgravity,whichdecreases

asrincreases.(5)Understandtowhatorderofmagnituderincreases,themoleculargravityis

alreadyveryweakandcanbeignored.(6)Physicsisinseparablefromlife,andmolecularforcesca

nbeusedtoexinsomecommonphenomenaindailylife.

Teachingfocusand

difficulties

重点:

Intermolecularforcesandchangesinintermolecular

forces.

难点:

Usemolecularkinetictheorytoexin

relatedphenomena.

教学方法

Discussinquiry,analysis,andinduction.

教具

Multimediateaching

courseware

课型

新授课

计划

1

教学过程

1.Therearegaps

weenmolecu

DiffusionphenomenaandBrownianmotionbothindicatethatmolecuareconstantly

movingirregularly,andtheyalsoreflectthattherearegapsweenmolecu,otherwisethe

molecuwouldnotbeabletomove.

Inaddition,thefollowingfactscanalsoshowthattherearegaps

weenmolecu.

(1)Thetotalvolumeofwaterandalcoholaftermixingissthanthesumoftheiroriginalvolumes,indicatingt

hattherearegapsweentheliquidmolecu.

(2)Gasiseasilycompressed,indicatingthattherearegapsween

gasmolecu.

(３)物体的热胀冷缩现象正是由于物体分子间的空隙增大或缩小而造成的，这是气体、液体

和固体所共有的现象。还有很多例子，此处不再一一列举。