英语词汇学教程（第四版）答案_3-Key.docVIP

【Chapter3】

1. Writethetermsintheblanksaccordingtothedefinitions.

(1)morpheme (2)allomorph

(3)boundmorpheme (4)freemorpheme

(5)affix (6)informationalaffix

(7)derivationalaffix (8)root

(9)stem (10)base

Whatisthedifferencebetweenmorph,morphemeandallomorph?

Morphemeisminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguage.Butmorphemeisabstract andisrealizedbybothorthographicandphoneticvariantsinactualcontextand allthesevariantsarecalledmorphs.Ofthemthephoneticvariantsarecalled allomorph.

Whatismorphemization?

Morphemizationistheprocessofmakinganewmorphemebyusinganexisting wordorpartofaword.

Whatarethewaysofcreatingnewmorphemes?

Therearetwoways.Oneisthroughclippingandtheotheristouseanoldformas amorpheme.

5. Whatisthedifferencebetweengrammaticalandlexicalmorphemes,andinflectionalandderivationalmorphemes?Giveexamplestoillustratetheirrelationships.

Inflectionalmorphemesarethesuffixesaddedtotheendofwordstodenotegrammaticalconceptssuchas-s(-es),-ed,-ingand-est(toshowsuperlativedegreeofadjectivesandadverbs)whereaslexicalmorphemesareprefixesandsuffixesaddedtowordstoformnewwordssuchaspre-,dis-,un-,-tion,-er,-nessandsoon.

Grammaticalmorphemesarethoseusedtoshowgrammaticalconcepts,includingreflectionalsuffixesasmentionedaboveandfunctionalwords(prepositions,pronouns,articles,auxiliaryverbs),forexample,but,the,doandwas;lexicalmorphemesarederivationalaffixesincludingbothprefixesandsuffixes.

6. Analysethewordsintermsofroot,stemandbase.

individualistic

individualist+ic [stem,base]

individual+ist [stem,base]

individu+al [stem,base]

in+dividu [root,stem,base]

undesirables

un+desirable [stem,base]

desir+able [root,stem,base]

7. Organizethefollowingtermsinatreediagramtoshowtheirlogicalrelationships.