未来能源研究所-电价对中重型汽车充电成本和负荷的影响（英）-2025.10.pdfVIP

ImpactofElectricTariffson

Medium-andHeavy-Duty

VehicleChargingCostsand

Loads

BeiaSpiller,RuolinZhang,ElizabethB.Stein,EleftheriaKontou,

andAlexanderYoshizumi

WorkingPaper25-22

October2025

AbouttheAuthors

BeiaSpillerisafellowandthedirectorforRFF’sTransportationProgram.Priortojoining

RFF,shewasLeadSeniorEconomistatEnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF),whereshe

workedforalmostadecade.ShewasalsoaBoardmemberfortheAssociationof

EnvironmentalandResourceEconomiststhrough2024.Spillerisanenergyeconomist,

withexperienceworkingonelectricityandtransportationissues.DuringhertimeatEDF,

sheparticipatedinmanyelectricutilityproceedingsinNewYorkandCalifornia,witha

goalofusheringinacleaner,moreefficientandequitableenergysystem.

RuolinZhangisaTransportationAnalystatKittelsonAssociatesandaPhDcandidate

inTransportationEngineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.She

specializesinsustainabletransportationsystemsplanningandoperations,withresearch

focusedonelectricvehicle(EV)infrastructureplanning,chargingmanagement,and

policyanalysis.Herworkintegratesdata-drivenmodeling,optimization,andspatial

analysistosupportequitableandsustainableEVadoptioninbothurbanandregional

contexts.AtKittelson,Zhangappliesheracademicexpertisetoreal-worldtransportation

planningprojects,bridgingresearchandpracticetoadvancesustainablemobility

solutions.

ElizabethB.SteinistheStatePolicyDirectorattheInstituteforPolicyIntegrityatNew

Yor