23数维杯国际赛特等奖2023_“ShuWei Cup”D_Problem.pdfVIP

23数维杯国际赛特等奖2023_“ShuWei Cup”D_Problem.pdf

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2023_“ShuWeiCup”

ProblemD:TheMathematicsofLaundryCleaning

Laundrycleaningissomethingpeopledoeveryday.The

decontaminationfunctionoflaundrydetergentcomesfromsome

surfactantchemicals.Theycanincreasewaterspermeabilityandutilize

theintermolecularelectrostaticrepulsionmechanismtoremovedirt

particles.Duetotheformofthesurfactantmolecules,laundrydetergent

canexertitsdualfunction.Oneendofthesurfactantmoleculeis

lipophilic,whichattractsdirtandrepelswater,whiletheotherendis

hydrophilic,attractingwatermolecules.Whenthelaundrydetergentis

pouredintowater,thelipophilicpartofthesurfactantmolecule

vigorouslyadherestoanysurfacenotfilledwithwater,suchasthe

objectssurfacebeingwashed(duetothebodyorfabricsurface).Atthe

sametime,thehydrophilicpartrepelsoilysubstances.Itweakensthe

intermolecularforcesthatmaintainthebindingofwatermolecules(the

forcesthatcausewatertoformdropletslikebeingwrappedinanelastic

film),allowingindividualmoleculestopenetratebetweenthesurfaceof

theobjecttobecleanedandthedirtparticles.Therefore,itcanbesaid

thatsurfactantsreducethesurfacetensionofwater.Themechanical

actionofawashingmachineorhandrubbingcancausethedirtparticles

surroundedbysurfactantmoleculesonthesurfacetobecomedislodged,

andthedirtparticlesadheretothelipophilicportionofthesurfactant

molecules.Thiscausesthedirtparticlesstillsuspendedontheobjects

surfacetoberemovedduringtheRinsingphase.

Inpractice,fromsmall-scalehouseholdoperationstoprofessional

operationsinhotelsandspecializedinstitutions,thequestionthatneedsto

beconsideredis:Howcanwegetthelaundrycleanandtidyatalower

cost?Thisseeminglysimplelifeproblemcontainsprofoundmathematical

principles.Pleasedevelopanappropriatemathematicalmodeltosolvethe

followingpro

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