进一步了解HCI设计方法.pdfVIP

HCIDesignApproaches

Eberts(1994)[1]describesfourHuman-ComputerInteraction(HCI)designapproachesthatmay

beappliedtouserinterfacedesignstodevelopuser-friendly,efficient,andintuitiveuser

experiencesforhumans.ThesefourapproachesincludetheAnthropomorphicApproach,the

CognitiveApproach,thePredictiveModelingApproach,andtheEmpiricalApproach.Oneor

moreoftheseapproachesmaybeusedinasingleuserinterfacedesign.

AnthropomorphicApproach

Theanthropomorphicapproachtohuman-computerinteractioninvolvesdesigningauser

interfacetopossesshuman-likequalities.Forinstance,aninterfacemaybedesignedto

communicatewithusersinahuman-to-humanmanner,asifthecomputerempathizeswiththe

user.Interfaceerrormessaginginoftenwrittenthisway,suchas,“We’resorry,butthatpage

cannotbefound.”Anotherexampleistheuseofavatarsincomputer-basedautomation,ascan

befoundinautomatedtelephonysystems.Forexample,whenavoice-responsesystemcannot

understandwhattheuserhasspoken,afterseveralattemptsitmayreplyinanapologetictone,

“I’msorry,Ican’tunderstandyou.”

Affordances

Humanaffordancesareperceivablepotentialactionsthatacandowithanobject.Interms

ofHCI,icons,folders,andbuttonsaffordmouse-clicking,scrollbarsaffordslidingabuttonto

viewinformationoff-screen,anddrop-downmenusshowtheuseralistofoptionsfromwhichto

choose.Similarly,pleasantsoundsareusedtoindicatewhenataskhascompleted,signalingthat

theusermaycontinuewiththenextstepinaprocess.Exampofthisarenotificationsof

calendarevents,newemails,andthecompletionofafiletransfer.

Constraints

Constraintscomplementaffordancesbyindicatingthelimitationsofuseractions.Agrayed-out

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