第13届哈佛-麻省理工数学竞赛Guts轮题目与优化.pdfVIP

13thAnnualHarvard-MITMathematicsTournament

Saturday20February2010

GutsRound

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13thANNUALHARVARD-MITMATHEMATICSTOURNAMENT,20FEBRUARY2010—GUTSROUND

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1.[4]IfA=109−987654321andB=123456789+1,whatisthevalueofAB?

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Answer:BothAandBequalsoAB=aswell.

2.[4]Supposethatx,y,andzarenon-neiverealnumberssuchthatx+y+z=1.Whatisthe

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umpossiblevalueofx+y+z?

Answer:1Since0y,z1,wehavey2yandz3z.Thereforex+y2+z3x+y+z=1.

≤≤≤≤≤

Wecangetx+y2+z3=1bysetting(x,y,z)=(1,0,0).

3.[4]Inagroupofpeople,thereare13wholikeapp,9wholikeblueberries,15wholikecantaloupe,

and6wholikedates.(Acanlikemorethan1kindoffruit.)Eachwholikesblueberries

alsolikesexactlyoneofappandcantaloupe.Eachwholikescantaloupealsolikesexactly

oneofblueberriesanddates.Findtheminimumpossiblenumberofpeopleinthegroup.

Answer:22Everyonewholikescantaloupelikesexactlyoneofblueberriesanddates.However,

thereare15peoplewholikecantaloupe,9wholikeblueberries,and6wholikedates.Thus,everyone

wholikesblueberriesordatesmustalsolikecantaloupes(becauseifanyofthemdidn’t,wewouldend

upwithsthan15peoplewholikecantaloupe).

Sinceeveryonewholikesblueberrieslikescantaloupes,noneofthemca