声导抗基础知识.pptVIP

声导抗基础知识

Soundtravel声音传导22020/11/30

Gettingsoundintoadifferentmedium

声音在不同媒介中的传导Mostofthesoundenergyisreflectedwhenconfrontingaanothermedium...大部分声能在临界面处被反射回来…becausedifferentmediaaremoreorlesseasytobringintomotion(impedance)因为不同媒介的声阻抗是不同的32020/11/30

Theroleofthemiddleear中耳的作用

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TheOssicles听小骨Malleus锤骨Incus砧骨Stapes镫骨Threesmallbonesformingachainbetweenthetympanicmembraneandtheinnerear听骨链位于鼓膜和内耳之间，由3块听小骨组成Airbornesoundwaveenergybecomesmechanicalvibration空气传导的声波能量转换为机械振动Compensatesfortheair-fluidimpedancedifference补偿气液相不同媒介的导抗差52020/11/30

TheMiddleearanatomy中耳解剖AirAirAirpressuremustbenearequalonbothsidesoftheeardruminordertooptimisemobilityofthewholesystem应使鼓膜两侧气压接近，从而保证中耳传声系统的最佳活动性TheEustachiantube(ET)ventilatesthemiddleearandallowspressureequalisation咽鼓管是中耳的通气管道，可保证中耳气压平衡TheETopenswhenswallowingoryawning吞咽和打哈欠时咽鼓管开放Innerearfluids内淋巴62020/11/30

Gettingsoundintoadifferentmedium

声音在不同媒介中的传导The“stiletto”principle:圆锥效应Forceiscollectedoveralargerareaandfocusedonasmallerarea(B)作用力在锥底收集后聚焦到锥尖72020/11/30

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中耳测试精密的中耳系统高精度的测试高质量控制系统92020/11/30

Partoftheprobetoneisreflected,andsomeisadmittedintothemiddleear一部分探测音被反射回来，另一部分则进入中耳Theadmittanceiscontinuouslymeasuredbyamicrophone声导纳通过麦克风持续测量计算出来Admittance-lettingthesoundwavein

声导纳－将声波导入102020/11/30

鼓室图中耳–劲度TPP(=MEP?)AdmittancePressure112020/11/30

Tympanometry鼓室声导抗Admittance-200daPa200daPa0EarcanalpressureAdmittance声导纳-200daPa200daPa0Earcanalpressure外耳道压强13:Pressurestiffensthetympanicmembranesotheprobetonebouncesback,andthesoundlevelinthemiddleeardecreases1和3：大压强使鼓膜僵硬从而探测音多被反弹回来，进入中耳的声能减少2:Whenpressureisequalonbothsides,thesoundlevelinthemiddleearisatmaximum2：鼓膜两侧压力相等时传入中耳的声能最大123122020/11/30

TheTympanogramcurve,ECVandTPP

鼓室导抗图形，等效外耳道容积和峰压点TheTPPapproximatesthemiddleearpressure峰压点近似于鼓膜内侧的中