数学竞赛题：概率与数位分析.pdfVIP

1.Leta,b,c,anddbethenumbersthatshowwhenfourfairdice,numbered1through6arerolled.

Whatistheprobabilitythat|(a−1)(b−2)(c−3)(d−6)|=1?

1

Answer:

324

Theconditionsimpliesthat|a−1|=|b−2|=|c−3|=|d−6|=1.acanequal2,bcanequal1or3,

ccanequal2or4,anddcanequal5.Sothe221

2.Findallpossibilitiesforthesecond-to-lastdigheform1234567890

(eachisadigit).

Answer:3,7

Zeroistheonlydigitwithsquareendinginginzerowilltherefore

endintwozeros.Nextdigitofthenumbertn9,soitis3or7.

3.Tengearsarelinedupinasinglefileandmattheithgearfromthe

lefthas5i+2teeth.Geari=1(countingfrHowmanyrevolutions

doesgear10make?

Answer:147

52

Thenumberofteethmesheddoesnotvary.Tonsthatgear10make,

then(5(1)+21)(21)=(5(10)+2)n⇒n=7

4.InthegamePokeymawn,yerspickateams.Thereare25distinct

Pokeymawncreatures,andeachonebelongsPokeymawnarent-

type,6Pokeymawnarebug-type,4Pokeymmawnarebovine-type.

However,somePokeymawndonotgetalongesameteam:bug-type

Pokeymawnwilleatnt-typePokeymawnrock-typePokeymawn,

andbovine-typePokeymawnwilleatanyth