2020年高三英语一轮复习备战2021-必备知识梳理-10-构词法语法填空.docxVIP

备战2021高三英语一轮复习必备知识梳理

10构词法、语法填空

考点一形容词变副词的后缀

变化形式

例词

一般情况下直接加“ly〞

quick→quickly;fluent→fluently;stupid→stupidly

少数以“-e〞结尾的形容词,要去掉“e〞再加“ly〞;绝大多数辅音字母加“e〞结尾的形容词直接加“ly〞

true→truly;polite→politely;wide→widely;wise→wisely;nice→nicely

以“y〞结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将“y〞改成“i〞,再加“-ly〞;但是如果读音为/a?/,那么直接加“-ly〞

happy→happily;heavy→heavily;angry→angrily;busy→busily;dry→dryly;shy→shyly

以“-ic〞结尾的词,加“-ally〞

economic→economically;basic→basically(例外:public→publicly)

以辅音字母加“-le〞结尾时,去e加y;以元音字母加“-le〞结尾时,直接加“-ly〞

simple→simply;terrible→terribly;gentle→gently;possible→possibly;probable→probably;sole→solely(例外:whole→wholly)

一.单句填空

1.(2021·宁夏银川一中月考)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t(possible)destroyavillage.?

2.(2021·江西红色七校一联)Hesatdownandstarted(gentle)talkingtothedog.?

3.(similar),whenRonWebsterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool,heforgottoreturnit,too.?

【答案】

二.单句改错

1.(2021·重庆巴蜀中学月考)Parentsandteachersalwaysthinkstudentsshouldspendmoretimeontheirstudies,butstudentsthemselvesthinkdifferent.

2.(2021·四川局部重点中学联考)Shetoreuptheletterangryandthrewitintothedustbin.

【答案】1.different→differently2.angry→angrily

考点二形容词变名词的后缀

后缀

例词

-age

short→shortage缺乏;短缺

-cy

efficient→efficiency效率;成效

fluent→fluency流利;流畅

accurate→accuracy准确性

private→privacy隐私;私密

-dom

free→freedom自由;自主

wise→wisdom明智;智慧

-ness

weak→weakness虚弱;弱点

kind→kindness仁慈;好意

careless→carelessness粗心大意

dark→darkness黑暗

-th

strong→strength力气;强项

warm→warmth温暖;热情

true→truth真相;真理

wide→width宽度

-y

-ty

-ity

difficult→difficulty困难

cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴

safe→safety平安

disable→disability无能;残疾

responsible→responsibility责任

一.单句填空

1.(2021·云南昆明一中月考)Thatlittleactof(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood-butitmademefeelthebestofall!?

2.(2021·福建福州模拟)MyEnglishimprovedalot;moreimportantly,Igainedmuch(confident).?

【答案】2.confidence

二.单句改错

(2021·山东师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.

【答案】strong→strength

考点三动词、名词变形容