血液的体积和组成.pptVIP

血液的体积和组成

人類血漿之特異性是一種非常豐富及複雜之生物來源物質。含超過100~200種以上不同旳（醣）蛋白（涉及凝血因子，蛋白分解酵素克制劑，蛋白分解酵素，免疫球蛋白），白蛋白，peptide，生長因子….。約17~20種血漿成份已建立治療價值。是一人類治療所必需旳兵工廠。2

血漿來源SourcePlasma(fromplasmapheresis)RecoveredPlasma(fromwholeblooddonations)3

血液旳功能運送細胞旳產物及廢物，並將養分及氧氣送到細胞。血液內吞噬細胞旳功用除了如清道夫外，並且能抵抗外來旳感染。為運輸激素旳途徑。平衡穩定體內旳pH值。將體熱帶到皮膚發散以維持體溫恆定。4

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Takeabreak!8

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Virusestransmissibleviabloodandplasmaproducts13

HumanVirusesofConcern

WithRespecttoPlasmaDerivativesEnvelopedVirusesHumanImmuneDeficiencyVirus(HIV)HepatitisB(HBV)HepatitisC(HCV)Non-EnvelopedVirusesHumanParvovirusB19(B19)HepatitisA(HAV)NotSignificientRisksHumanT-lymphotrophicvirus(HTLVIII)Cytomegalovirus(CMV)EpsteinBarrVirus(EBV)UnmeasurableRisksTransmissibleSpongioformEncephalopathies(TSE,esp.CJD)Unidentifiedand/oremergingagents14

SignificanceofViralEnvelopeProteinnecessaryforattachmentandpenetrationofhostcellsareonthesurfacesofviruses.Non-envelopedvirusestendtobemoreresistanttophysico-chemicalconditions(heat,solvent-detergent).Thesmallestvirusesarenon-enveloped.15

DonorScreeningforViralContamination16

GeneralSafetyMeasures17

WhatisaPrion?18

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ViraleliminationtreatmentsofplasmaproductsSpecificNanofiltration:filtrationofaproteinthroughamembrane/hollowfiberwithanominalporesizeofafewnanometers(intherangeof15to40nm)inconditionswhereproteinsmigratethroughthenanofilterwhilevirusesareretainedNonspecific:Chromatography,PrecipitationUltrafiltration20

MostfrequentlyusedspecificviralinactivationtreatmentsofplasmaproductsAcidpH(IgG)Incubationoftheproteinsolution(IgG)atpH4,withorwithoutthepresenceoftracesofpepsin,at37oCfor22hoursormore.21

MostfrequentlyusedspecificviralinactivationtreatmentsofplasmaproductsSolvent-DetergentIncubationofanhomogeneousplasmaproteinsolutioninthepresenceofanorganicsolvent(trin-butylphosphate)a