《专业英语》_项目4.docxVIP

Internetofthings

TheInternetofthings(stylisedInternetofThingsorIoT)istheinternetworkingofphysicaldevices,vehicles(alsoreferredtoasconnecteddevicesandsmartdevices),buildingsandotheritems—embeddedwithelectronics,software,sensors,actuators,andnetworkconnectivitythatenabletheseobjectstocollectandexchangedata.In2013theGlobalStandardsInitiativeonInternetofThings(IoT-GSI)definedtheIoTastheinfrastructureoftheinformationsociety.TheIoTallowsobjectstobesensedand/orcontrolledremotelyacrossexistingnetworkinfrastructure,creatingopportunitiesformoredirectintegrationofthephysicalworldintocomputer-basedsystems,andresultinginimprovedefficiency,accuracyandeconomicbenefit.WhenIoTisaugmentedwithsensorsandactuators,thetechnologybecomesaninstanceofthemoregeneralclassofcyber-physicalsystems,whichalsoencompassestechnologiessuchassmartgrids,smarthomes,intelligenttransportationandsmartcities.EachthingisuniquelyidentifiablethroughitsembeddedcomputingsystembutisabletointeroperatewithintheexistingInternetinfrastructure.ExpertsestimatethattheIoTwillconsistofalmost50billionobjectsby2020.

Typically,IoTisexpectedtoofferadvancedconnectivityofdevices,systems,andservicesthatgoesbeyondmachine-to-machine(M2M)communicationsandcoversavarietyofprotocols,domains,andapplications.Theinterconnectionoftheseembeddeddevices(includingsmartobjects),isexpectedtousherinautomationinnearlyallfields,whilealsoenablingadvancedapplicationslikeasmartgrid,andexpandingtotheareassuchassmartcities.

Things,intheIoTsense,canrefertoawidevarietyofdevicessuchasheartmonitoringimplants,biochiptranspondersonfarmanimals,electricclamsincoastalwaters,automobileswithbuilt-insensors,DNAanalysisdevicesforenvironmental/food/pathogenmonitoringorfieldoperationdevicest