《专业英语》_项目1.docxVIP

LightCollectorandLightDetector

Theoveralltaskoftheopticalreceiveristoextracttheinformationthathasbeenplacedonthemodulatedlightcarrierbythedistanttransmitterandrestorestheinformationtoitsoriginalform.Thetypicalthrough-the-aircommunicationsreceivercanbebrokendownintofiveseparatesections.Theseare:lightcollector(lens),lightdetector(PIN),currenttovoltageconverter,signalamplifierandpulsediscriminator.Theremayalsobeadditionalcircuitsdependingonthekindofthesignalbeingreceived.Asanexample,areceiverthatisextractingvoiceinformationwillneedafrequencytovoltageconverterandanaudioamplifiertoreproducetheoriginalvoicesignal.Computerdatareceiverswillalsoneedsomedecodingcircuitsthatwouldconfigurethetransmittedserialdatabitsinto8bitwords.However,thissectionwillconcentrateonthecircuitsneededforprocessingvoiceinformation.VolumeIIofthisbookwillcontainadditionalcircuitsfordigitaldatareceivers.

LIGHTCOLLECTOR

Forlong-rangeapplicationsitisessentialtocollecttheweakmodulatedlightfromthedistanttransmitterwithaglassorplasticlensandfocusitontoasiliconPINphotodiode.Althoughmirrorscouldalsobeusedtocollectthelight,glassorplasticlensesareeasiertouseandcostless.Plasticlensesmeasuringfromafractionofaninchtosixinchesareavailable.Forasystemthatdemandsalargelens,theflatFresnellensismuchlessexpensivethanasolidlens.FormingspecialconcentricbumpsinaclearplasticsheetmakesFresnellenses.Thebumpsbendthelightjustasaconventionalthicklenswould.Fresnellensesareavailablewithdiametersofseveralfeet.

Forcertainshort-rangeapplicationsitmayalsobepossibletouseanakedlightdetectorwithoutanylens.Distancesuptoseveralhundredfeetarepossiblewithsystemsthatdontrelyonlensesateitherthetransmitterorthereceiver.Lens-lesssystems