IMF-价格过低和过度使用：2025年化石燃料补贴数据更新（英）-2025.12-47页.pdfVIP

Underpricedand

Overused:

FossilFuelSubsidiesData2025Update

SimonBlack,WeronikaCelniak,AlbertoGarcia-Huitron,Ian

Parry,PaulinaSchulz-Antipa,andNateVernon-Lin

WP/25/270

IMFWorkingPapersdescriberesearchin

progressbytheauthor(s)andarepublishedto

elicitcommentsandtoencouragedebate.

TheviewsexpressedinIMFWorkingPapersare

thoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarily

representtheviewsoftheIMF,itsExecutiveBoard,

orIMFmanagement.

2025

DEC

©2025InternationalMonetaryFundWP/25/270

IMFWorkingPaper

FiscalAffairsDepartment

UnderpricedandOverused:FossilFuelSubsidiesData2025Update

PreparedbySimonBlack,WeronikaCelniak,AlbertoGarcia-Huitron,IanParry,PaulinaSchulzAntipa,

andNateVernon-Lin

AuthorizedfordistributionbyDoraBenedek

December2025

IMFWorkingPapersdescriberesearchinprogressbytheauthor(s)andarepublishedtoelicit

commentsandtoencouragedebate.TheviewsexpressedinIMFWorkingPapersarethoseofthe

author(s)anddonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheIMF,itsExecutiveBoard,orIMFmanagement.

ABSTRACT:Thispaperprovidesabi-annualassessmentofefficientfossilfuelpricesandsubsidiesfor170

countries,basedonacomprehensiveanalysisofenvironmentalandotherexternalitiesfromfuelconsumption.

Globally,explicit(orfiscal)subsidieswere$725billion(0.6percentofGDP)in2024.Implicitsubsidies,

primarilyunderpricingofenvironmentalcosts,were$6.7trillion(5.8percentofGDP),withthreequartersfrom