新编文档-Chapter-19-Error-Reduction-Mercer-University19章误差减少美世大学-文档.pptVIP

Chapter17:ErrorReductionERROR:Aneventwhenanactionotherthandesiredtakesplace.Sequence:Consideraccidentstobepredictableandpreventable.i.e.,breakthesequenceNormality?error?accident?minorloss?majorloss?catastropheISE311-171

Errorreduction?cognitiveergonomics.Justificationsofergonomicscenteraround…ReductionofphysicalstressReductionoferrors(waste)BenefitsofreducingerrorsImprovessafetyImprovesqualityImprovesproductivityISE311-172

CausesoferrorsPoordesignofequipmentPoormanagementofequipmentPoorproceduresPoortrainingOtherfactorsISE311-173

ErrorsintheworkplaceCostsRangefromsecondsoftimetoinjuryanddeath.Includecleanup,fines,lossofmarketshare,legalcosts.Aredifficulttoquantify.Areoftenconcealed.Areperceivedunequally.ISE311-174

ErrorsintheworkplaceReducecostsbyGivemoreattentiontoproblemswherepotentialcostishigher.Beascientist,notanadvocate.Seekrootcauses,notblame.Avoidpunishment.ISE311-175

TypesOmissionorcommissionType1orType2Systemormeasurement(ofthesystem)Observederror=System+MeasurementPerception,decision,oractionSlipvsmistakeSlip:non-deliberatefailuretofollowruleMistake:ConsciousplanningresultsinunanticipatedactionFailureofknowledgeMalice:deliberateviolationofrulesorproceduresISE311-176

ErroranalysistechniquesChecklistsFMEA/FMECADecisionstructuretablesFishdiagramsFaulttreesISE311-177

Makingdecisions/actionsinpublicEliminatingprivacycaneliminatemanyerrors.Addlightingormoveobjects/peopletovisibleplaces.Requireapprovalfordeviationsfrompolicy.Increasethenumberofrequireddecisionmakers.Decisionstendtobeslowerbutbetterquality.Exceptions:EmergencysituationsHighriskenvironmentsISE311-178

Guideline1:GetenoughinformationGeneraterelevantinformation.Maybedifficultifinformationissubjective.Provideadditionalinformationfornovices.Ensureinformationrece