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第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词
1.情态动词can和could的用法
语法规则
例句
表示“能力”时,can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力
Susanisntverygoodatmaths,butshecanspeakEnglishverywell.
IcouldswimwhenIwasfiveyearsold.
表示“推测”时,can常用于否定句中,cant表示“不可能”;could表“推测”时,比can的可能性要小
MrBlackcantbeathome—hehasgonetoAmerica.
Evenexperiencedteacherscanmakemistakes.
表示“请求”或“许可”时,通常用于疑问句中;could表“请求”时,语气比can更委婉
—Could/Canyoupickmeupattheairport?
—Yes,Ican.
beabletodo表示“能够做”,不能与can连用,但有更多时态
Imsureyouwillbeabletolookafteryourself.
Ihaventbeenabletosleepverywellrecently.
2.情态动词may和might的用法
语法规则
例句
may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”,用于疑问句中表示“请求”
ShesaidImightcallherattheweekend.
MayIborrowthecartomorrow?
might表示“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小
Hemay/mightknowtheanswer.
Hemay/mightnotbelieveyou.
may/mightwelldosth.表示“很可能做某事”,may/mightaswelldosth.表示“不妨做某事”
Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumightwellnotrecognizeher.
Youmightaswellgivehimtheletter.
“Mayyou/sth.+动词原形”表示祝愿
Mayyousucceed!
Mayallyourdreamscometrue!
3.情态动词must和haveto的用法
语法规则
例句
must强调说话者主观上认为某事是必须做的,着重个人的看法、责任或义务。haveto强调由于客观条件、外界因素等迫使某人不得不做某事
Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotobed.
Imissedthebus,soIhadtotakeataxi.
4.情态动词will和would的用法
语法规则
例句
will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称的疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉
Willyoujoinourdiscussion?
Wouldyouopenthewindow,please?
will表示主观愿望、意志或决心,would用于过去的习惯性动作,意为“过去常常做某事”
Gowhereyouwill.
SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.
Onsummereveningstheywouldsitoutinthegarden.
will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中,would表示委婉语气
Wouldntyoutakeoffyourcoat?
Wouldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?
would用于否定句,可以表示顽固倾向,意为“老是不,总是不”
Mycarwouldntstartthismorning.
Thedoorwouldntopen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.
wouldhavedone表示与过去事实相反的假设
Butforyourhelpwewouldhavebeenlate.
Ifshehadseenyouyesterday,shewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
5.情态动词shall,should和oughtto的用法
语法规则
例句
shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见
ShallTomgotherewith
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